SynthesisAesthetic plastic surgery2021
The Aetiopathogenesis of Late Inflammatory Reactions (LIRs) After Soft Tissue Filler Use: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
Synthesis in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Late inflammatory reactions in patients with soft tissue fillers after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: A systematic review of the literature.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2022Pooled it
- Microneedling With RF-Assisted Skin Penetration Improves the Hard-to-Treat Periorbital Wrinkles: Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024Trial
- Retrospective analysis of filler complications reported in the manufacturer and user facility device experience database from 2015 to 2025.Dermatology online journal · 2026Article
- Management of Hyaluronic Acid Filler-Induced Refractory Sterile Abscess With Modified Munhoz-Cavallieri Lavage Protocol: A Case Series.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Advances in Poly-l-lactic Acid Injections for Facial and Neck Rejuvenation.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Management of Late Complications After Facial Filling.Cureus · 2024Article
- Oral Methotrexate Treatment of Delayed-Onset Inflammatory Reactions to Dermal Fillers.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2024Article
- Lower Eyelid Complication After Blepharoplasty and COVID-19 Vaccination.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2023Article
- Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid Stimulates Angiogenesis and Collagen Synthesis in Aged Animal Skin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- In vitro and in vivo methods to study bacterial colonization of hydrogel dermal fillers.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLate inflammatory reactions (LIRs) are the most challenging complications after filler use. The immune system plays a prominent role in its etiology, albeit to an unknown extent. Bacterial contamination in situ has been hypothesized to be causative for LIRs. How this relates to the immunological processes involved is unknown. This article aims to provide an overview of immunological and bacterial factors involved in development of LIRs.
methodsWe undertook a systematic literature review focused on immunological factors and microbiota in relation to LIRs after filler use. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane databases were searched from inception up to August 2019. Included studies were assessed for the following variables: subject characteristics, number of patients, primary indication for filler injection, implant type/amount and injection site, type of complication, follow-up or injection duration, study methods, type of antibiotics or medical therapies and outcomes related to microbiota and immunological factors.
resultsData on immunological factors and bacterial contamination were retrieved from 21 included studies. Notably, the presence of histocytes, giant cells and Staphylococcus epidermidis within biopsies were often associated with LIRs.
conclusionThis review provides a clear overview of the immunological factors associated with LIRs and provides a hypothetical immunological model for development of the disease. Furthermore, an overview of bacterial contamination and associations with LIRs has been provided. Follow-up research may result in clinical recommendations to prevent LIRs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors- www.springer.com/00266. .
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.