ArticleTherapeutic advances in psychopharmacology2021
Excess deaths in treatment-resistant depression.
Article in Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Real-World Psilocybin Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Retrospective Observational Study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Risk factors for treatment resistance among women with postpartum depression in a nationwide study.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Comparing the effects of ECT and intravenous ketamine in psychiatric patients with major depressive episodes.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- A Real-World Study on the Use, Effectiveness, and Safety of Esketamine Nasal Spray in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression: INTEGRATE Study.Advances in therapy · 2025Observational
- Electroconvulsive therapy reduces suicidality and all-cause mortality in refractory depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of neurostimulation studies.Neuroscience applied · 2025Review
- Immune-Targeted Therapies for Depression: Current Evidence for Antidepressant Effects of Monoclonal Antibodies.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2024Review
- Facts and myths about use of esketamine for treatment-resistant depression: a narrative clinical review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Suicide-specific mortality among patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, major depressive disorder with prior suicidal ideation or suicide attempts, or major depressive disorder alone.Brain and behavior · 2023Observational
- Free-Water Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Differentiates Suicidal Ideation From Suicide Attempt in Treatment-Resistant Depression.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2023Article
- Association of Treatment-Resistant Depression With Patient Outcomes and Health Care Resource Utilization in a Population-Wide Study.JAMA psychiatry · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) have an increased mortality risk compared with other patients with depression, but it is not known how this translates into absolute numbers of excess deaths.
methodsSwedish national registers were used to identify a cohort of 118,774 antidepressant initiators 18-69 years old with a depression diagnosis. Patients who initiated a third consecutive treatment trial were classified as having TRD. Flexible parametric survival models were used to estimate the mortality risk due to all causes and external causes (suicides and accidents), comparing TRD patients with patients with other depression while adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic covariates and including interactions with TRD, age, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) for a number of somatic comorbidities. Standardized survival was estimated, as were numbers of excess deaths among TRD patients within each age and comorbidity category.
resultsCompared with the mortality risk of other depressed patients, patients with TRD experienced excess deaths in most age and comorbidity categories in the range of 7-16 deaths per 1000 patients during 5 years. Highest numbers for all-cause excess deaths were found among patients 18-29 years old with CCI 1, where 16 [95% confidence interval 5-28] of the expected 37 [25-48] deaths per 1000 patients were excess deaths. The majority of the excess deaths were due to external causes.
conclusionPatients with TRD experience significant numbers of excess deaths compared with other patients with depression.
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