Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33912139›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2021

Islet-Resident Dendritic Cells and Macrophages in Type 1 Diabetes: In Search of Bigfoot's Print.

Henner Zirpel, Bart O Roep

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Donor macrophage depletion permits posttransplant tolerance induction in a murine islet transplant model.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026
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  9. The Multifaceted Role of Macrophages in Biology and Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. The immunology of type 1 diabetes.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Henner ZirpelDepartment of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
Bart O RoepDepartment of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The classical view of type 1 diabetes assumes that the autoimmune mediated targeting of insulin producing ß-cells is caused by an error of the immune system. Malfunction and stress of beta cells added the target tissue at the center of action. The innate immune system, and in particular islet-resident cells of the myeloid lineage, could function as a link between stressed ß-cells and activation and recognition by the adaptive immune system. We survey the role of islet-resident macrophages and dendritic cells in healthy islet homeostasis and pathophysiology of T1D. Knowledge of islet-resident antigen presenting cells in rodents is substantial, but quite scarce in humans, in particular regarding dendritic cells. Differences in blood between healthy and diseased individuals were reported, but it remains elusive to what extend these contribute to T1D onset. Increasing our understanding of the interaction between ß-cells and innate immune cells may provide new insights into disease initiation and development that could ultimately point to future treatment options. Here we review current knowledge of islet-resident macrophages and dendritic cells, place these in context of current clinical trials, and guide future research.

Indexed as

Cell LineageDendritic CellsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1HumansIslets of LangerhansMacrophagesMyeloid Cellsautoimmune diseasesbeta-cell stressdendritic cellinnate immunityislets of Langerhansmacrophage

Identifiers

PMID33912139
PMCPMC8072455

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.