ArticleAnnals of dermatology2018
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Botulinum Toxin in Patients with Recalcitrant and Persistent Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea.
Article in Annals of dermatology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Efficacy and safety of intradermal botulinum toxin A for post-acne erythema: a split-face randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Trial
- Effects of Botulinum Toxin A on Rosacea-Like Inflammation in an LL-37-Induced Rosacea Mouse Model.Annals of dermatology · 2026Article
- Targeting Neurovascular Inflammation in Rosacea: A Systematic Review of Botulinum Toxin Therapy.Cureus · 2026Review
- LetibotulinumtoxinA for Rosacea: A Pilot Study.Toxins · 2026Article
- Influence of the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin type a on temperature measurements using infrared thermography.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- Article
- A Case Series of a Novel Approach in the Treatment of Rosacea: Use of Botulinum Toxin and Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Hyper-dilute botulinum toxin as an effective treatment for refractory erythromelalgia.JAAD case reports · 2024Article
- The Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin A for the Treatment of Rosacea: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2023Review
- Off-Label Use of Botulinum Toxin in Dermatology-Current State of the Art.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- hMSC exosomes as a novel treatment for female sensitive skin: AnFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Use of Botulinum Toxin in Treating Rosacea: A Systematic Review.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere are few pharmacologic options to reduce erythema and flushing in patients with recalcitrant erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR). We previously reported two cases of refractory flushing and erythema of rosacea that were successfully treated with intradermal botulinum toxin injection, and additional research is needed to prove the efficacy and safety of this treatment.
objectiveTo report the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injection as an aid in persistent erythema of rosacea patients.
methodsA total of 20 Korean patients with recalcitrant ETR were enrolled to receive treatment by injection of botulinum toxin. Patients received one treatment of intradermal botulinum toxin injection and were assessed 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment. The severity of erythema and telangiectasia was investigated by a non-treating physician, and the Erythema Index (EI) was assessed by mexameter at each visit. Patient satisfaction and any adverse events were also assessed at each visit.
results17 patients completed all follow-up visits and were included in the analysis. Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin significantly reduced erythema severity and EI in ETR patients. Patients reported a satisfaction score of 2.94±0.56 at 8 weeks after treatment. Except for three patients who discontinued the study early due to inconvenience of facial muscle paralysis, 17 patients participating in the final analysis did not report side effects except injection pain at the time of the procedure.
conclusionIntradermal injection of botulinum toxin can be used as an effective and relatively safe adjuvant agent for recalcitrant and persistent erythema of ETR patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.