ArticleNature2021
Towards complete and error-free genome assemblies of all vertebrate species.
Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,939 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,939citing papers in PubMed
162.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,939 citing papers in PubMed, 2,923 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assembly-graph-assisted haplotype-resolved scaffolding of polyploid genomes.Nature plants · 2026Article
- Epigenetic insights into extreme longevity in the world's oldest terrestrial animal, Jonathan.Science advances · 2026Article
- A Mid-Atlantic Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) genome to advance conservation and comparative genomics.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Multiscale structural evolution of proline-rich protein genes shapes primate salivary defenses.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Advancing Marine Mammal Conservation Through Omics Tools and Integration of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge.Molecular ecology · 2026Review
- Combining Annotation Software to Identify Orthologous Genes (CASIO) Provides a New Dataset of Orthologous Genes for Swallowtail Butterflies.Molecular ecology resources · 2026Article
- Convergent evolutionary loss of chemosensory and blood-feeding pathways in non-blood-feeding mosquitoes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Transposable Element Dynamics Drive the Genomic Evolution and Phenotypic Diversification of Allotetraploid Common Carp.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- PlantCAD2: A DNA foundation model for interpreting genomes across flowering plants.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- A chromosome-level genome of the Nicobar pigeon, Caloenas nicobarica.The Journal of heredity · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of conserved non-coding elements identifies gene regulatory networks rewired during the water-to-land transition in vertebrates.Biologia futura · 2026Article
- The First Highly Contiguous Genome Assembly for the Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana).Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Article
- UnlockingNAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Screening of Y-chromosomal STR loci and development of a multiplex PCR system for paternal lineage identification in horses.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Variant calling in nonmodel organisms with snpArcher.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Two-Step Loss of GLUTs in the High-Metabolism Passerines.Integrative zoology · 2026Article
- Bridging precision agriculture and human medicine through comparative genetics.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Not Quite Folded: Challenges in Predicting the hNPS-hNPSR-Ile107 Complex With AlphaFold2 Multimer.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
1,879 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
127 authors at 20 institutions in 21 countries.
Arang Rhie *Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8127
Shane A McCarthy *Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Olivier Fedrigo *Vertebrate Genome Lab, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6450-7551
Joana DamasThe Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Giulio FormentiVertebrate Genome Lab, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7554-5991
Sergey KorenGenome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1472-8962
Marcela Uliano-SilvaLeibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6723-4715
William ChowWellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Arkarachai FungtammasanDNAnexus Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.
Juwan KimInterdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Chul LeeInterdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Byung June KoDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Mark ChaissonUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Gregory L GedmanLaboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Lindsey J CantinLaboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Francoise Thibaud-NissenNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-7807
Leanne HaggertyEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Iliana BistaDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Michelle SmithWellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Bettina HaaseVertebrate Genome Lab, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Jacquelyn MountcastleVertebrate Genome Lab, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1078-4905
Sylke WinklerMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0915-3316
Sadye PaezVertebrate Genome Lab, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Jason HowardNovogene, Durham, NC, USA.
Sonja C VernesNeurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0305-4584
Tanya M LamaUniversity of Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Amherst, MA, USA.
Frank GrutznerSchool of Biological Science, The Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3088-7314
Wesley C WarrenBond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Christopher N BalakrishnanDepartment of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-0659
Dave BurtUQ Genomics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-1028
Julia M GeorgeDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-6914
Matthew T BieglerLaboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
David IornsThe Genetic Rescue Foundation, Wellington, New Zealand.
Andrew DigbyKākāpō Recovery, Department of Conservation, Invercargill, New Zealand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1870-8811
Daryl EasonKākāpō Recovery, Department of Conservation, Invercargill, New Zealand.
Bruce RobertsonDepartment of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5348-2731
Taylor EdwardsUniversity of Arizona Genetics Core, Tucson, AZ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7235-6175
Mark WilkinsonDepartment of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
George TurnerSchool of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, UK.
Axel MeyerDepartment of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0888-8193
Andreas F KauttDepartment of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-0735
Paolo FranchiniDepartment of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8184-1463
H William DetrichDepartment of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0783-4505
Hannes SvardalDepartment of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Maximilian WagnerInstitute of Biology, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Gavin J P NaylorFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Martin PippelMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8134-5929
Milan MalinskyWellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1462-6317
Mark MooneyTag.bio, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Maria SimbirskyDNAnexus Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.
Brett T HanniganDNAnexus Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.
Trevor PesoutUC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Marlys HouckSan Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, CA, USA.
Ann MisuracaSan Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, CA, USA.
Sarah B KinganPacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4900-0189
Richard HallPacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-8227
Zev KronenbergPacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
Ivan SovićPacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
Christopher DunnPacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0601-3254
Zemin NingWellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Alex HastieBionano Genomics, San Diego, CA, USA.
Joyce LeeBionano Genomics, San Diego, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-1102
Siddarth SelvarajArima Genomics, San Diego, CA, USA.
Richard E GreenUC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Nicholas H PutnamIndependent Researcher, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1315-782X
Ivo GutCNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-632X
Jay GhuryeDovetail Genomics, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Erik GarrisonUC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Ying SimsWellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Joanna CollinsWellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Sarah PelanWellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
James TorranceWellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Alan TraceyWellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4805-9058
Jonathan WoodWellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Robel E DagnewUniversity of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Dengfeng GuanDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3940
Sarah E LondonDepartment of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7839-2644
David F ClaytonDepartment of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6395-3488
Claudio V MelloDepartment of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9826-8421
Samantha R FriedrichDepartment of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-6080
Peter V LovellDepartment of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Ekaterina OsipovaMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6769-7223
Farooq O Al-AjliMonash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, School of Science, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4692-7106
Simona SecomandiDepartment of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8597-6034
Heebal KimInterdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3064-1303
Constantina TheofanopoulouLaboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2014-7563
Michael HillerLOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany.
Yang ZhouBGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1247-5049
Robert S HarrisDepartment of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Kateryna D MakovaDepartment of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Paul MedvedevCenter for Medical Genomics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Jinna HoffmanNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Patrick MastersonNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Karen ClarkNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Fergal MartinEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-050X
Kevin HoweEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Paul FlicekEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3897-7955
Brian P WalenzGenome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8431-1428
Woori KwakeGnome, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hiram ClawsonUC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Mark DiekhansUC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0430-0989
Luis NassarUC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Benedict PatenUC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8863-3539
Robert H S KrausDepartment of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Andrew J CrawfordDepartment of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3153-6898
M Thomas P GilbertCenter for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-7195
Guojie ZhangChina National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-1521
Byrappa VenkateshInstitute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3620-0277
Robert W MurphyCentre for Biodiversity, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Klaus-Peter KoepfliSmithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Species Survival, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA.
Beth ShapiroDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-7776
Warren E JohnsonSmithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Species Survival, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-186X
Federica Di PalmaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Earlham Institute, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Tomas Marques-BonetInstitute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5597-3075
Emma C TeelingSchool of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3309-1346
Tandy WarnowDepartment of Computer Science, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Jennifer Marshall GravesSchool of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Oliver A RyderSan Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-763X
David HausslerUC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-4575
Stephen J O'BrienLaboratory of Genomics Diversity-Center for Computer Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
Jonas KorlachPacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-4250
Harris A LewinThe Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1043-7287
Kerstin HoweWellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK. kj2@sanger.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-513X
Eugene W MyersMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany. gene@mpi-cbg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-7839
Richard DurbinDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. rd109@cam.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1006
Adam M PhillippyGenome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. adam.phillippy@nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-8934
Erich D JarvisVertebrate Genome Lab, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. ejarvis@rockefeller.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8931-5049
Rockefeller University · USWellcome Sanger Institute · GBUniversity of California, Santa Cruz · USPacific Biosciences (United States) · USEuropean Bioinformatics Institute · GBNational Center for Biotechnology Information · USNational Institutes of Health · USSeoul National University · KRCenter for Systems Biology Dresden · DEDNAnexus (United States) · USOregon Health & Science University · USPennsylvania State University · USUniversity of Cambridge · GBUniversity of Konstanz · DEZoological Society of San Diego · USBioNano Genomics (United States) · USClemson University · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USUniversity of Copenhagen · DKUniversity of Southern California · US
Funding
National Biomedical Information ServicesZIHLM200888 · NLM · NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE · PI PALTOO, DINA · 2009 to 2025
$5200.7MThe UCSC Genome BrowserU41HG002371 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ · PI KENT, WILLIAM JAMES · 2012 to 2021
$36.6MGENCODE Resource ProjectU41HG007234 · NHGRI · SANGER INSTITUTE · PI FLICEK, PAUL · 2013 to 2020
$20.3MGENCODE: comprehensive reference genome annotation for human and mouseU24HG007234 · NHGRI · EUROPEAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LABORATORY · PI Fergal James Martin · 2021 to 2026
$16.1MSingle-molecule sequence assembly and analysisZIAHG200398 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI PHILLIPPY, ADAM · 2016 to 2025
$15.9MEnabling Comparative PangenomicsR01HG010485 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ · PI HAUSSLER, DAVID H, MARTIN, FERGAL JAMES · 2020 to 2023
$2.6MCommercialization of HaploSeq as a Service (HaaS) for generating chromosome-span phased genome and exome sequence informationR44HG008118 · NHGRI · ARIMA GENOMICS, INC. · PI DIXON, JESSE R, LAURENT, LOUISE CHANG · 2018 to 2019
$1.7MY Chromosome EvolutionR01GM130691 · NIGMS · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI MAKOVA, KATERYNA · 2019 to 2022
$1.7MNovel gene discovery in zebra finchesR21DC014432 · NIDCD · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI MELLO, CLAUDIO V · 2016 to 2017
$421kBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/T/000PR9817Intramural NIH HHS ZIA HG200398Medical Research Council MR/T021985/1NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG010485NHGRI NIH HHS R44 HG008118NHGRI NIH HHS U24 HG007234NHGRI NIH HHS U41 HG002371NHGRI NIH HHS U41 HG007234NIDCD NIH HHS R21 DC014432NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM130691Wellcome Trust 207492/Z/17/Z
Abstract
High-quality and complete reference genome assemblies are fundamental for the application of genomics to biology, disease, and biodiversity conservation. However, such assemblies are available for only a few non-microbial species
Indexed as
GenomeAnimalsBirdsGene LibraryGenome, MitochondrialGenome SizeGenomicsHaplotypesHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingMolecular Sequence AnnotationSequence AlignmentSequence Analysis, DNASex ChromosomesVertebrates
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.