ArticleNature protocols2021
Microfluidic integration of regeneratable electrochemical affinity-based biosensors for continual monitoring of organ-on-a-chip devices.
Article in Nature protocols, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed.
- Heart-on-a-chip and vasculature-on-a-chip platforms as models of cardiovascular disease.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Engineering graphene oxide interfaces for electrochemical biosensing of biomolecules, cells, and organoids.Nano convergence · 2026Review
- Multimodal Multiorgan-on-a-Chip Platform for Probing Liver-Tumor Interactions and Advancing Prodrug Screening.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Peripheral nerve sheath tumors-on-a-chip: Next-generation platforms for mechanistic and therapeutic studies.Materials today. Advances · 2026Article
- Reimagining human-centric drug development with new approach methodologies.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Miniaturizing Sensor Active Areas to Enhance Analyte Surface Densities by Increasing "Effective" Analyte Concentrations.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Advances and applications of organ-on-a-chip technology.Cell reports methods · 2026Review
- Comparing Electrochemical Performance of Thin-Film Ti-Pt Microelectrodes on Planar and Non-Planar Glass Substrates for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Microfluidic Chip Technology for Laboratory Medicine: Innovations and Artificial Intelligence Integration.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Micro pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics monitoring of anti-Parkinson's disease drugs using a microphysiological BBB-brain organ-on-a-chip.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- What Is a Biosensor?-A Terminological Guide From Biomolecular Recognition to Bioindicators.Engineering in life sciences · 2026Review
- Parabiosis, Assembloids, Organoids (PAO).Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Beyond glucose: wearable and implantable biosensors for continuous monitoring of metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory biomarkers in personalized cardiometabolic care.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Organ-on-a-chip platforms for disease modeling and in vitro diagnostic applications.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Non-Destructively Quantifying the Whole-Course Growth and Drug-Response of PDOs by an Automatic Microfluidic System Utilizing Chemiluminescence Detection.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Advances in microfluidic chip technology for cell analysis.Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry · 2025Review
- Review
- Assessment of Acute Stress and Chronic Stress for Mental Health Management by a Fully Integrated Wearable Biosystem.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Article
- An MOF-Enhanced Anti-Fouling Immunoprobe Platform for Efficient Direct Screening of Pancreatic Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Organs-on-chips have emerged as viable platforms for drug screening and personalized medicine. While a wide variety of human organ-on-a-chip models have been developed, rarely have there been reports on the inclusion of sensors, which are critical in continually measuring the microenvironmental parameters and the dynamic responses of the microtissues to pharmaceutical compounds over extended periods of time. In addition, automation capacity is strongly desired for chronological monitoring. To overcome this major hurdle, in this protocol we detail the fabrication of electrochemical affinity-based biosensors and their integration with microfluidic chips to achieve in-line microelectrode functionalization, biomarker detection and sensor regeneration, allowing continual, in situ and noninvasive quantification of soluble biomarkers on organ-on-a-chip platforms. This platform is almost universal and can be applied to in-line detection of a majority of biomarkers, can be connected with existing organ-on-a-chip devices and can be multiplexed for simultaneous measurement of multiple biomarkers. Specifically, this protocol begins with fabrication of the electrochemically competent microelectrodes and the associated microfluidic devices (~3 d). The integration of electrochemical biosensors with the chips and their further combination with the rest of the platform takes ~3 h. The functionalization and regeneration of the microelectrodes are subsequently described, which require ~7 h in total. One cycle of sampling and detection of up to three biomarkers accounts for ~1 h.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.