Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33910000›Full record

ArticleCell reports2021

5-hydroxymethylcytosine is dynamically regulated during forebrain organoid development and aberrantly altered in Alzheimer's disease.

Janise N Kuehner, Junyu Chen, Emily C Bruggeman, Feng Wang, Yangping Li, Chongchong Xu, Zachary T McEachin, Ziyi Li, Li Chen, Chadwick M Hales and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
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  7. Article
  8. Article
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  10. Article
  11. SCoTCH-seq reveals that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine encodes regulatory information across DNA strands.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Cell identity and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2025
    Review
  15. Human Brain Organoids: Development and Applications.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Mechanistic and therapeutic insights into the function of N6-methyladenosine in arthritic diseases.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Janise N KuehnerDepartment of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Junyu ChenDepartment of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Emily C BruggemanDepartment of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Feng WangDepartment of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Yangping LiDepartment of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Chongchong XuDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Zachary T McEachinDepartment of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Ziyi LiDepartment of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Li ChenCenter for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Chadwick M HalesDepartment of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Zhexing WenDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: zhexing.wen@emory.edu.
Jingjing YangDepartment of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: jingjing.yang@emory.edu.
Bing YaoDepartment of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: bing.yao@emory.edu.
Emory University · USIndiana University School of MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center · US

Funding

The Emory Alzheimer's Disease CenterP50AG025688 · NIA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI WINGO, THOMAS SPURGEON · 2005 to 2019
$25.7M
Towards a better understanding of genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease with human iPSC modelsR01AG065611 · NIA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI LI, BINGSHAN, WEN, ZHEXING · 2020 to 2024
$3.8M
Translational assessment of brain bioenergetic function in schizophreniaR01MH121102 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI MARANO, CHRISTOPHER, MCCULLUMSMITH, ROBERT E · 2020 to 2024
$3.7M
Genome-wide mapping and integrative analysis of DNA 6mA methylome in human AD brainR01AG064786 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI BENNETT, DAVID ALAN, YAO, BING · 2019 to 2023
$3.3M
Chaperone-mediated Autophagy and Synaptic Dysfunction in Parkinson's DiseaseR01NS107505 · NINDS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI MAO, ZIXU, WEN, ZHEXING · 2018 to 2022
$2.5M
Epigenetic roles of DNA adenine methylation in stress responseR01MH117122 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI YAO, BING · 2019 to 2023
$2.0M
Epigenetic roles of DNA adenine methylation in Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG062577 · NIA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI YAO, BING · 2019 to 2023
$2.0M
Novel Bayesian statistical tools for integrating multi-omics data to help elucidate the genomic etiology of complex phenotypesR35GM138313 · NIGMS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI YANG, JINGJING · 2020 to 2024
$1.9M
TRAINING PROGRAM IN MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICST32GM008492 · NIGMS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HALL, KATHLEEN B · 1993 to 2007
$1.4M
Towards a Better Understanding of Fragile X Syndrome Using Human Brain OrganoidsR21MH123711 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI WEN, ZHEXING · 2020 to 2020
$429k
NIA NIH HHS P50 AG025688NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062577NIA NIH HHS R01 AG064786NIA NIH HHS R01 AG065611NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM138313NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008492NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117122NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH121102NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH123711NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS107505
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) undergoes dynamic changes during mammalian brain development, and its dysregulation is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The dynamics of 5hmC during early human brain development and how they contribute to AD pathologies remain largely unexplored. We generate 5hmC and transcriptome profiles encompassing several developmental time points of healthy forebrain organoids and organoids derived from several familial AD patients. Stage-specific differentially hydroxymethylated regions demonstrate an acquisition or depletion of 5hmC modifications across developmental stages. Additionally, genes concomitantly increasing or decreasing in 5hmC and gene expression are enriched in neurobiological or early developmental processes, respectively. Importantly, our AD organoids corroborate cellular and molecular phenotypes previously observed in human AD brains. 5hmC is significantly altered in developmentally programmed 5hmC intragenic regions in defined fetal histone marks and enhancers in AD organoids. These data suggest a highly coordinated molecular system that may be dysregulated in these early developing AD organoids.

Indexed as

5-MethylcytosineAlzheimer DiseaseAnimalsHumansMiceNeurogenesisOrganoidsProsencephalon5-hydroxymethylcytosine5-Methylcytosine5-hydroxymethylcytosineAlzheimer’s diseaseforebrain organoidsneurodevelopment

Identifiers

PMID33910000
PMCPMC8106871
OpenAlexW3157897783

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.