ArticleQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2021
Response shift in patient-reported outcomes: definition, theory, and a revised model.
Article in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 85 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of response shift on change in patient-reported outcomes: a systematic review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Response shift results of quantitative research using patient-reported outcome measures: a meta-regression analysis.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Response shift results of quantitative research using patient-reported outcome measures: a descriptive systematic review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Pooled it
- Mastication in health-related quality of life in patients treated for oral cancer: A systematic review.European journal of cancer care · 2022Pooled it
- Durability of efficacy, safety, and quality of life 5 years after valoctocogene roxaparvovec gene transfer for severe hemophilia A: final phase 3 GENEr8-1 trial results.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Trial
- Longitudinal invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 among patients receiving pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorder: A secondary analysis of clinical trial data.Psychological assessment · 2024Trial
- The longitudinal relationship between physical capacity and self-perceived physical functioning after total hip and knee arthroplasty.Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2026Article
- Beyond observed changes: how differential item functioning and response shift alter health-related quality of life interpretation in preemptive versus non-preemptive kidney transplant patients.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Changes in health-related quality of life: a longitudinal registry study among over 15,000 participants of a digital education and exercise therapy for knee and hip osteoarthritis using EQ-5D-5L.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Development and Effects of a Metaverse-Based Generative AI Nursing Informatics Competency Education Program for Clinical Nurses.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Article
- Response shift as a common mechanism linking quality of life gains and reduced aggressive care in early palliative care trials.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Review
- Associations between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and physical and mental health-related quality of life in older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Does Recalibration Response Shift Alter Perceived Treatment Effects in Patient-Reported Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Comment on "Association between child ADHD and caregivers' mental health and health-related quality of life: results from a population-based study".Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Exploring the response shift effects on patient-reported outcomes among postoperative bladder cancer patients: a qualitative study in China.BMC urology · 2026Article
- A pre-illness reference reminder alters cross-sectional patient-reported outcome responses: evidence from EQ-5D-5L and EQ-HWB-9.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Designing oncology-specific patient-reported outcome dashboards: end-user preferences for reference curve inclusion and visualization in pediatric cancer care.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Multimorbidity burden is associated with lower perceived health and life satisfaction in urban South Africa.Scientific reports · 2026Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe extant response shift definitions and theoretical response shift models, while helpful, also introduce predicaments and theoretical debates continue. To address these predicaments and stimulate empirical research, we propose a more specific formal definition of response shift and a revised theoretical model.
methodsThis work is an international collaborative effort and involved a critical assessment of the literature.
resultsThree main predicaments were identified. First, the formal definitions of response shift need further specification and clarification. Second, previous models were focused on explaining change in the construct intended to be measured rather than explaining the construct at multiple time points and neglected the importance of using at least two time points to investigate response shift. Third, extant models do not explicitly distinguish the measure from the construct. Here we define response shift as an effect occurring whenever observed change (e.g., change in patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) scores) is not fully explained by target change (i.e., change in the construct intended to be measured). The revised model distinguishes the measure (e.g., PROM) from the underlying target construct (e.g., quality of life) at two time points. The major plausible paths are delineated, and the underlying assumptions of this model are explicated.
conclusionIt is our hope that this refined definition and model are useful in the further development of response shift theory. The model with its explicit list of assumptions and hypothesized relationships lends itself for critical, empirical examination. Future studies are needed to empirically test the assumptions and hypothesized relationships.
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