Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33909032›Full record

ReviewInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2021

IMI Prevention of Myopia and Its Progression.

Jost B Jonas, Marcus Ang, Pauline Cho, Jeremy A Guggenheim, Ming Guang He, Monica Jong, Nicola S Logan, Maria Liu, Ian Morgan, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui and 11 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05691296 (The Monitoring and Intervention of Refractive Changes in Children and Teenagers in Tianjin), which is not on this map. Cited by 275 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
275citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
36.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05691296 naunknown statusnot on this map

The Monitoring and Intervention of Refractive Changes in Children and Teenagers in Tianjin

TypeinterventionalSponsorTianjin Eye HospitalRan2020 to 2024Enrolled4,000ConditionsMyopia, High MyopiaArmsHome training, School training
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

275 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 408 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. [Effect of Back Optical Zone Diameter of Orthokeratology Lens on Visual Quality in Myopic Children].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025
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215 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 16 institutions in 10 countries.

Jost B JonasDepartment of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
Marcus AngSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
Pauline ChoSchool of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
Jeremy A GuggenheimSchool of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Ming Guang HeState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China.
Monica JongBrien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
Nicola S LoganSchool of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Maria LiuSchool of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States.
Ian MorganState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China.
Kyoko Ohno-MatsuiDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Olavi PärssinenDepartment of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Serge ResnikoffBrien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
Padmaja SankaridurgBrien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
Seang-Mei SawSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Earl L SmithBrien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
Donald T H TanSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
Jeffrey J WallineThe Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
Christine F WildsoetSchool of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States.
Pei-Chang WuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Xiaoying ZhuBiological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York, College of Optometry, New York, New York, United States.
James S WolffsohnSchool of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Brien Holden Vision Institute · AUAston University · GBSingapore National Eye Center · SGUniversity of California, Berkeley · USAustralian National University · AUCardiff University · GBCentral Finland Health Care District · FIChang Gung University · TWHeidelberg University · DEHong Kong Polytechnic University · HKNational University of Singapore · SGSun Yat-sen University · CNSUNY College of Optometry · USThe Ohio State University · USTokyo Medical and Dental University · JPUniversity of Canberra · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The prevalence of myopia has markedly increased in East and Southeast Asia, and pathologic consequences of myopia, including myopic maculopathy and high myopia-associated optic neuropathy, are now some of the most common causes of irreversible blindness. Hence, strategies are warranted to reduce the prevalence of myopia and the progression to high myopia because this is the main modifiable risk factor for pathologic myopia. On the basis of published population-based and interventional studies, an important strategy to reduce the development of myopia is encouraging schoolchildren to spend more time outdoors. As compared with other measures, spending more time outdoors is the safest strategy and aligns with other existing health initiatives, such as obesity prevention, by promoting a healthier lifestyle for children and adolescents. Useful clinical measures to reduce or slow the progression of myopia include the daily application of low-dose atropine eye drops, in concentrations ranging between 0.01% and 0.05%, despite the side effects of a slightly reduced amplitude of accommodation, slight mydriasis, and risk of an allergic reaction; multifocal spectacle design; contact lenses that have power profiles that produce peripheral myopic defocus; and orthokeratology using corneal gas-permeable contact lenses that are designed to flatten the central cornea, leading to midperipheral steeping and peripheral myopic defocus, during overnight wear to eliminate daytime myopia. The risk-to-benefit ratio needs to be weighed up for the individual on the basis of their age, health, and lifestyle. The measures listed above are not mutually exclusive and are beginning to be examined in combination.

Indexed as

Contact LensesEyeglassesAccommodation, OcularDisease ProgressionGlobal HealthHumansMyopiaPrevalenceRefraction, Ocular

Identifiers

PMID33909032
PMCPMC8083117
OpenAlexW3159627128

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.