Control of felinine-derived malodor in cat litter.

objectivesMalodors stemming from soiled cat litter are a major frustration for cat owners, despite the widespread use of absorbent litters with claims of odor control. Technologies for effective litter odor control have not been rigorously evaluated. Here, we report on the effectiveness of a novel litter formulation of 1-monochlorodimethylhydantoin (MCDMH)-modified clinoptilolite zeolite (MCDMH-Z) to control the odors of 3-mercapto-3-methylbutanol (3M3MB) and ammonia, the principal products generated by the enzymatic breakdown of felinine and urea, respectively.

methodsThe efficacy of MCDMH-Z for the odor control of 3M3MB was determined by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, colorimetric analysis and a sensory panel. Enzyme inhibition was monitored by a colorimetric coupled assay for ammonia. The antimicrobial properties were measured by a reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs).

results3M3MB proved highly susceptible to modification by MCDMH-Z granules. Headspace above litter exposed to MCDMH-Z showed no detectable 3M3MB; levels >59 ng were detected in commercially available products. Urease activity decreased by >97% after incubation with MCDMH-Z to 0.14 mg/ml. Cat litter F showed comparable inhibition (0.13 mg/ml); others showed less inhibition, producing up to 4.8 mg/ml of ammonia. MCDMH-Z reduced the CFUs of CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Samples of commercially available litter products showed an effect on malodor, or inhibition of urease, or contained antimicrobial activity; no samples were capable of accomplishing these concurrently. In contrast, MCDMH-Z granules were effective in all three test categories. Control of felinine-derived odors, in particular, has the potential to improve cat owner satisfaction, and may beneficially affect cat behaviors provoked by pheromonally active sulfurous metabolites deposited in the litter.