Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33907966›Full record

ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2021

The association between high risk of sleep apnea, comorbidities, and risk of COVID-19: a population-based international harmonized study.

Frances Chung, Rida Waseem, Chi Pham, Thomas Penzel, Fang Han, Bjørn Bjorvatn, Charles M Morin, Brigitte Holzinger, Colin A Espie, Christian Benedict and 15 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Lucid Dreaming: Not Just Awareness, but Agency.Journal of sleep research · 2026
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  11. Associations between obstructive sleep apnea and COVID-19 infection and hospitalization among US adults.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Obstructive Sleep Apnea with COVID-19.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors at 20 institutions in 16 countries.

Frances ChungDepartment of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T2S8, Canada. Frances.chung@uhn.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9576-3606
Rida WaseemDepartment of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T2S8, Canada.
Chi PhamDepartment of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T2S8, Canada.
Thomas PenzelSleep Medicine Center, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Fang HanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Bjørn BjorvatnDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Charles M MorinÉcole de Psychologie, Centre d'étude des troubles du sommeil, Centre de recherche CERVO/Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
Brigitte HolzingerInstitute for Dream and Consciousness Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Colin A EspieSleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Christian BenedictDepartment of Neuroscience, Sleep Science (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Jonathan CedernaesDepartment of Neuroscience, Sleep Science (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Tarja SaaresrantaDivision of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Yun Kwok WingLi Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Departments of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
Michael R NadorffDepartment of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA.
Yves DauvilliersSleep-Wake Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Luigi De GennaroDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Guiseppe PlazziIRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Ilona MerikantoDepartment of Psychology and Logopedics and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Kentaro MatsuiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory and Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry National Institute of Mental Health, Kodaira, Japan.
Damien LegerSleep and Vigilance Center, Hopital Hotel-Dieu de Paris, Paris, France.
Mariusz SieminskiDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
Sergio Mota-RolimBrain Institute, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Natal, Brazil.
Yuichi InoueDepartment of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Markku PartinenHelsinki Sleep Clinic, Vitalmed Research Center, and Department of Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
International COVID Sleep Study (ICOSS) group
University Health Network · CAUniversity of Helsinki · FIBaylor College of Medicine · USCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DEChinese University of Hong Kong · HKDonghua University · CNFondazione Santa Lucia · ITGdańsk Medical University · PLHaukeland University Hospital · NOInserm · FRInstitut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec · CAJohn Radcliffe Hospital · GBMedical University of Vienna · ATNational Center of Neurology and Psychiatry · JPNorthwestern University · USTokyo Medical University · JPUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte · BRUniversité Paris Cité · FRUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia · ITUniversity of Turku · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may increase the risk of severe COVID-19; however, the level of potential modulation has not yet been established. The objective of the study was to determine the association between high risk of OSA, comorbidities, and increased risk for COVID-19, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) treatment.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional population-based web survey in adults in 14 countries/regions. The survey included sociodemographic variables and comorbidities. Participants were asked questions about COVID-19, hospitalization, and ICU treatment. Standardized questionnaire (STOP questionnaire for high risk of OSA) was included. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted adjusting for various factors.

resultsOut of 26,539 respondents, 20,598 (35.4% male) completed the survey. Mean age and BMI of participants were 41.5 ± 16.0 years and 24.0 ± 5.0 kg/m

conclusionsParticipants at high risk of OSA had increased odds of having COVID-19 and were two times more likely to be hospitalized or treated in ICU.

Indexed as

Health StatusAdultComorbidityCOVID-19COVID-19 TestingCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsSex FactorsSleep Apnea, ObstructiveCOVID-19DepressionDiabetesObstructive sleep apneaSTOP questionnaire

Identifiers

PMID33907966
PMCPMC8079162
OpenAlexW3158299050

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.