ArticlemBio2021
Analysis of the Long-Term Impact on Cellular Immunity in COVID-19-Recovered Individuals Reveals a Profound NKT Cell Impairment.
Article in mBio, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal transcriptional analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes in COVID-19 convalescent donors.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine, WIBP-CorV, in Healthy Children: Interim Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled, Phase 1/2 Trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Corrected and republished from: "Clinical validation of an RSV neutralization assay and analysis of cross-sectional sera associated with 2021-2023 RSV outbreaks to investigate the immunity debt hypothesis".Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Impact of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection on the severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized children.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Age-Matched Reference Values for Circulating Natural Killer T (NKT)-Like Cells.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2025Article
- NKT cells-a generalist in disease treatment and a new key to unlock immunotherapy.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- Can invariant Natural Killer T cells drive B cell fate? a look at the humoral response.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Potential Biomarkers for Predicting the Risk of Developing Into Long COVID After COVID-19 Infection.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Comparison of characteristics of children hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus infection during the pre- and post-COVID-19 eras: a multicenter retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- CD4Science advances · 2024Article
- Integrative genomic analysis of the lung tissue microenvironment in SARS-CoV-2 and NL63 patients.Heliyon · 2024Article
- The role of Interleukin-22 in severe acute pancreatitis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Review
- Clinical impact of transient lymphopenia.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
- The surveillance of viral infections by the unconventional Type I NKT cell.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Deficiency and dysfunctional roles of natural killer T cells in patients with ARDS.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- ICOS-ICOSL pathway enhances NKT-like cell antiviral function in pregnant women with COVID-19.International journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Time trend and seasonality in medically attended respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in US children aged 0-5 years, January 2010-January 2023.Family medicine and community health · 2023Article
- Invariant natural killer T cells in lung diseases.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Aging unconventionally: γδ T cells, iNKT cells, and MAIT cells in aging.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Why has the epidemiology of RSV changed during the COVID-19 pandemic?EClinicalMedicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affected over 120 million people and killed over 2.7 million individuals by March 2021. While acute and intermediate interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system have been studied extensively, long-term impacts on the cellular immune system remain to be analyzed. Here, we comprehensively characterized immunological changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 49 COVID-19-convalescent individuals (CI) in comparison to 27 matched SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals (UI). Despite recovery from the disease for more than 2 months, CI showed significant decreases in frequencies of invariant NKT and NKT-like cells compared to UI. Concomitant with the decrease in NKT-like cells, an increase in the percentage of annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) double-positive NKT-like cells was detected, suggesting that the reduction in NKT-like cells results from cell death months after recovery. Significant increases in regulatory T cell frequencies and TIM-3 expression on CD4 and CD8 T cells were also observed in CI, while the cytotoxic potential of T cells and NKT-like cells, defined by granzyme B (GzmB) expression, was significantly diminished. However, both CD4 and CD8 T cells of CI showed increased Ki67 expression and were fully able to proliferate and produce effector cytokines upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Collectively, we provide a comprehensive characterization of immune signatures in patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that the cellular immune system of COVID-19 patients is still under a sustained influence even months after the recovery from disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.