ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2021
Association of census tract-level incarceration rate and life expectancy in New York State.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- County Incarceration Rate and Stroke Death: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Influence of Physical Environment, Health Care Access, and Community Mental Distress.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Incidence, ecological factors, and temporal trends of prison homicides and suicides in Chile, 2000-2024.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Structural racism and health: Assessing the mediating role of community mental distress and health care access in the association between mass incarceration and adverse birth outcomes.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Mass probation: Temporal and geographic correlation of county-level probation rates & mental health in North Carolina.SSM. Mental health · 2023Article
- Neighborhood Incarceration Rates and Adverse Birth Outcomes in New York City, 2010-2014.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- A comprehensive framework for operationalizing structural racism in health research: The association between mass incarceration of Black people in the U.S. and adverse birth outcomes.SSM - population health · 2022Review
- Community investment interventions as a means for decarceration: A scoping review.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundJail incarceration rates are positively associated with mortality at the county level. However, incarceration rates vary within counties, limiting the generalisability of this finding to neighbourhoods, where incarceration may have the greatest effects.
methodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of census tract-level state imprisonment rates in New York State (2010) and life expectancy data from the US Small-area Life Expectancy Estimates Project (2010-2015). We modelled fixed-effects for counties and controlled for tract-level poverty, racial makeup, education, and population density from the American Community Survey (2010-2014), and violent crime data from the New York City Police Department (2010). We also examined interactions between incarceration rate and poverty, racial makeup, and population density on life expectancy.
resultsLife expectancy at the highest quintile of incarceration was 5.5 years lower than in the lowest quintile, and over 2 years lower in a fully-adjusted model. Census tract-level poverty and racial makeup both moderated the association between incarceration and life expectancy.
conclusionCensus tract-level incarceration is associated with lower life expectancy. Decarceration, including alternatives to incarceration, and release of those currently incarcerated, may help to improve life expectancy at the neighbourhood level.
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Registered trials
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