ArticleArchives of disease in childhood2021
Household economic burden of childhood severe pneumonia in Bangladesh: a cost-of-illness study.
Article in Archives of disease in childhood, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05239104 (Laos Out-Of-Pocket Costs), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Laos Out-Of-Pocket Costs: an Observational Study on the Impact of Severe Childhood Illness on the Health, Wealth and Wellbeing of Household Members in Lao People's Democratic Republic
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- External Validation of Pediatric Pneumonia and Bronchiolitis Risk Scores to Predict Mortality in Children Hospitalized in Kenya: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Financial burden of severe childhood illness on households in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A prospective cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Effects of oral zinc supplementation in the prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in colombian children: an economic evaluation : Short running title: Cost-effectiveness analysis oral zinc supplementation.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Determinants of inequalities in health care seeking behavior for childhood illness in Bangladesh: a trend analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Incidence, healthcare-seeking behavior and barriers associated with seeking care for severe childhood pneumonia in rural Bangladesh: A prospective study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Comprehensive insights into pathogen distribution, clinical features, and outcomes in pediatric severe pneumonia.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Methods used to account for caregivers' sex and gender within studies examining the financial burden of caregivers of children and adolescents : Results from a scoping review.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2024Article
- Whole-genome shotgun sequencing unravels the influence of environmental microbial co-infections on the treatment efficacy for severe pediatric infectious diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Systematic review of economic evaluations for paediatric pulmonary diseases.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2023Article
- Disease-specific distress healthcare financing and catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization in Bangladesh.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Article
- Using big data for risk stratification of childhood pneumonia in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs): Challenges and opportunities.EBioMedicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate household cost of illness (COI) for children with severe pneumonia in Bangladesh.
designAn incidence-based COI study was performed for one episode of childhood severe pneumonia from a household perspective. Face-to-face interviews collected data on socioeconomic, resource use and cost from caregivers. A micro-costing bottom-up approach was applied to calculate medical, non-medical and time costs. Multiple regression analysis was applied to explore the factors associated with COI. Sensitivity analysis explored the robustness of cost parameters.
settingFour urban and rural study sites from two districts in Bangladesh. PATIENTS: Children aged 2-59 months with severe pneumonia.
results1472 children with severe pneumonia were enrolled between November 2015 and March 2019. The mean age of children was 12 months (SD ±10.2) and 64% were male. The mean household cost per episode was US$147 (95% CI 141.1 to 152.7). Indirect costs were the main cost drivers (65%, US$96). Household costs for the poorest income quintile were lower in absolute terms, but formed a higher proportion of monthly income. COI was significantly higher if treatment was received from urban health facilities compared with rural health facilities (difference US$84.9, 95% CI 73.3 to 96.3). Child age, household income, healthcare facility and hospital length of stay (LoS) were significant predictors of household COI. Costs were most sensitive to hospital LoS and productivity loss.
conclusionsSevere pneumonia in young children is associated with high household economic burden and cost varies significantly across socioeconomic parameters. Management strategies with improved accessibility are needed particularly for the poor to make treatment affordable in order to reduce household economic burden.
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