SynthesisBMJ open2021
Prevalence and risk factors of frailty among people in rural areas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with frailty in older people: an umbrella review.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Frailty in Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Pooled it
- Associations between serum electrolyte impairments and frailty status in older adults.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Joint Associations of Accelerometer-Derived Intensity Gradient and Diet Quality with Frailty Among Rural Chinese Older Adults.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Frailty and genetics: linking molecular aging to clinical vulnerability.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Review
- Regional and Socioeconomic Disparities in Frailty Across Tasmania: Evidence From Island Study Linking Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease.Australasian journal on ageing · 2026Article
- Nonlinear thresholds in lipid-frailty interplay: Precision targets for severe airflow limitation in aging adults.PloS one · 2026Article
- Frailty Trajectories and Social Determinants of Health of Older Adults in Rural and Urban Areas in the U.S.Journal of ageing and longevity · 2025Article
- Poorer performance on physical frailty-related parameters is associated with depression among older rural Indians.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Models of Care for Older People: A Scoping Review.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Frailty Focus: Empowering Rural Health With Advanced Nurse Practitioners: A Discussion Paper.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2025Article
- Observational
- Interrelationships of frailty, hemoglobin, cognition, and depressive symptoms in aging: a path analysis of the ELSI-Brazil study.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Risk prediction model of physical frailty for a rural older population: a cross-sectional study in Hunan Province, China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence, factors and quality of life associated with frailty and pre-frailty in middle-aged and older adults living with HIV in Zimbabwe: A cross-sectional study.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Factors contributing to differences in physical activity levels in (pre)frail older adults living in rural areas of China.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association between frailty and activities of daily living disability in older adults residing in a high-altitude Peruvian Andean community: the Aunqui-Andes study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Prevalence and future estimates of frailty and pre-frailty in a population-based sample of people 70 years and older in Norway: the HUNT study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Article
- The Association between Physical Frailty and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults Aged 60 to 96 Years: Data from the "Good Aging in Skåne" (GÅS) Swedish Population Study.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveOlder people in rural areas are possibly more frail due to the limited medical resources and lower socioeconomic status. Given the negative healthy outcomes caused by frailty, knowing the epidemiology of frailty in rural areas is of great importance. We tried to synthesise the existing evidences for the prevalence and risk factors of frailty in rural areas.
designA systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus were used to identify the articles from inception to 30 April 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Observational studies providing cross-sectional data on the prevalence of frailty in rural elderly were extracted. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent investigators selected studies, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. The pool prevalence of frailty was calculated by the random effects model and the OR and 95% CI were used to calculate the risk factors.
resultsThe literature search yielded 2219 articles, of which 23 met the study criteria and were included in this analysis. The pooled prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty were 18% (95% CI 15% to 21%, I
conclusionsFrailty influences almost one in five older people in rural areas, and increasing age, cognitive impairment, depressive symptom, risk of malnutrition, ADL disability and poor self-perception of health were all risk factors for frailty. We should be cautious about the research results due to the heterogeneity between studies.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.