ReviewCancer cell international2021
Small molecule inhibitors against PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints and current methodologies for their development: a review.
Review in Cancer cell international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated Machine Learning and Molecular Simulation-Guided Discovery of Novel Small-Molecule PD-L1 Inhibitors.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multiscale Explainable Machine Learning Reveals Descriptor-Invariant Molecular Determinants of Small-Molecule PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibition.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- A general strategy towards multicolour fluorogenic peptides for wash-free bioassays.Nature chemistry · 2026Article
- A Small Natural Molecule Targeting IL-23/IL-17 Axis Exerts Dual Effects on T-Cell Function and Breast Cancer Cell Migration.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- In silico screen identifies Pranidipine as a potential inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Intratumoral PD-1-directed IL-2 expression via oncolytic vaccinia virus elicits superior antitumor effects with enhanced safety.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- KCTD1 stabilizes c-Myc to upregulate PD-L1 and suppress anti-tumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Paroxetine repurposing enhances antitumor immunity via SPOP-mediated PD-L1 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- In search of novel PD1 inhibitor from natural products by high-throughput virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation.PloS one · 2026Article
- Tumor microenvironment conversion through intelligent nanomedicine: a paradigm shift in overcoming chemoresistance.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Novel PD-L1 Small-Molecule Inhibitors Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Targeting tumor immune evasion: the role of PD-L1 siRNA in advancing cancer immunotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Targeted protein degradation with small molecules for cancer immunotherapy.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Investigation the immunotherapeutic potential of miR-4477a targeting PD-1/PD-L1 in breast cancer cell line using a CD8Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Activin A affects colorectal cancer progression and immunomodulation in a stage dependent manner.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Comparative Molecular Dynamics Study of Food-Derived Compounds as PD-L1 Inhibitors: Insights Across Six Flavonoid Subgroups.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of immunotherapy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Sinulariapeptide F, a new peptide from culture broth of marine-derived fungus Simplicillium sp. SCSIO 41222.The Journal of antibiotics · 2025Article
- Metabolizable alloy clusters assemble nanoinhibitor for enhanced radiotherapy of tumor by hypoxia alleviation and intracellular PD-L1 restraint.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- A novel biomimetic nanoplasmonic sensor for rapid and accurate evaluation of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) based immunotherapy is a revolutionary cancer therapy with great clinical success. The majority of clinically used PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies but their applications are limited due to their poor oral bioavailability and immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). In contrast, several small molecule inhibitors against PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints show promising blockage effects on PD-1/PD-L1 interactions without irAEs. However, proper analytical methods and bioassays are required to effectively screen small molecule derived PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Herein, we summarize the biophysical and biochemical assays currently employed for the measurements of binding capacities, molecular interactions, and blocking effects of small molecule inhibitors on PD-1/PD-L1. In addition, the discovery of natural products based PD-1/PD-L1 antagonists utilizing these screening assays are reviewed. Potential pitfalls for obtaining false leading compounds as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors by using certain binding bioassays are also discussed in this review.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.