An operant temperature sensory assay provides a means to assess thermal discrimination.

Mouse behavioral assays have proven useful for the study of thermosensation, helping to identify receptors and circuits responsible for the transduction of thermal stimuli and information relay to the brain. However, these methods typically rely on observation of behavioral responses to various temperature stimuli to infer sensory ability and are often unable to disambiguate innocuous thermosensation from thermal nociception or to study thermosensory circuitry which do not produce easily detectable innate behavioral responses. Here we demonstrate a new testing apparatus capable of delivering small, rapid temperature change stimuli to the mouse's skin, permitting the use of operant conditioning to train mice to recognize and report temperature change. Using this assay, mice that were trained to detect a large temperature change were found to generalize this learning to distinguish much smaller temperature changes across the entire range of innocuous temperatures tested. Mice with ablated TRPV1 and TRPM8 neuronal populations had reduced ability to discriminate temperature differences in the warm (>35°C) and cool (<30°C) ranges, respectively. Furthermore, mice that were trained to recognize temperature changes in only the cool, TRPM8-mediated temperature range did not generalize this learning in the warm, TRPV1-mediated range (and vice versa), suggesting that thermosensory information from the TRPM8- and TRPV1-neuronal populations are perceptually distinct.