ArticleImmunotherapy2021
Cytokine storm modulation in COVID-19: a proposed role for vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitor combination therapy (VIDPP-4i).
Article in Immunotherapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hospital and laboratory outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who received vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- The Probable Protective Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Inflammation of the Airway and Lung in COVID-19 Treatment: A Preclinical and Clinical Meta-Analysis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Pooled it
- DPP4 inhibitors and COVID19 outcomes in patients with type II diabetes: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Saudi Arabia.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2025Article
- Characterization of Plant-Derived Natural Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 as Potential Antidiabetic Agents: A Computational Study.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Vitamin D Levels as a Marker of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Insights on the role of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents in the amelioration of diabetes.Diabetology international · 2023Review
- COVID-19 infection and metabolic comorbidities: Mitigating role of nutritional sufficiency and drug - nutraceutical combinations of vitamin D.Human nutrition & metabolism · 2023Review
- Dietary Supplement Use among Iranian Households during COVID-19 Epidemic Lockdown: Less Access in Those Who May Need More National Food and Nutrition Surveillance.International journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- A review article on neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory role of vitamin-D3 in elderly COVID-19 patients.The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery · 2023Review
- Immunomodulatory and therapeutic implications of vitamin D in the management of COVID-19.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in COVID-19: Beyond glycemic control.World journal of virology · 2022Review
- COVID-19 Clinical Features and Outcomes in Elderly Patients during Six Pandemic Waves.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Diabetes-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: The Roles of DMARDs as Glucose-Lowering Agents.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Response and the Pathogenesis of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Prospects of animal models and their application in studies on adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Association of vitamin D deficiency with COVID-19 severity and mortality in Iranian people: a prospective observational study.Acute and critical care · 2021Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Palmitic Acid Augmentation in COVID-19 Pathologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Effects of a DPP-4 Inhibitor and RAS Blockade on Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Diabetes and COVID-19 (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:251-9).Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2021Article
- Spatial Variability in COVID-19 Mortality.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Probable Protective Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Immunologic Factor's mRNA Expression Level in the Lung: An Extended COVID-19 Preclinical and Clinical Meta-analysis.Clinical pathology (Thousand Oaks, Ventura County, Calif.)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A dysregulated immune response characterized by the hyperproduction of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (a.k.a. 'cytokine storm') plays a central role in the pathophysiology of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this Perspective article we discuss the evidence for synergistic anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties exerted by vitamin D and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, the latter being a class of antihyperglycemic agents used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, which have also been reported as immunomodulators. Then, we provide the rationale for investigation of vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitor combination therapy (VIDPP-4i) as an immunomodulation strategy to ratchet down the virulence of SARS-CoV-2, prevent disease progression and modulate the cytokine storm in COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.