SynthesisClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Sequence Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Persistence and Reinfection.
Synthesis in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of adaptive immunity to COVID-19 and reinfection after recovery - a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Pathogens and global health · 2022Pooled it
- Reinfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review.Global health research and policy · 2022Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Is a New Challenge for the Effectiveness of Global Vaccination Campaign: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported in Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 escape mutations during Bamlanivimab therapy in a phase II randomized clinical trial.Nature microbiology · 2022Trial
- The impact of viral and host factors on the influenza A virus transmission bottleneck.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Protracted SARS-CoV-2 Infection in B-cell Depleted Patients: Immunologic and Viral Characteristics and Response to Dual and Extended Antiviral Therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Intra-Host Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 During Persistent Infection of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients.Viruses · 2025Article
- Article
- Divergence of variant antibodies following SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccines in myeloma and impact of hybrid immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
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- SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance and evolution varies by type and severity of immunodeficiency.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- Addressing bias in the definition of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: implications for underestimation.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Long-term chronic infection of a young immunocompromised patient by the SARS-CoV-2 P.2 VOI.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Article
- Resilience and Beyond the Acute Phase Challenges: Case Series on Prolonged COVID-19 Infection in Immunocompromised Individuals.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Motifs in SARS-CoV-2 evolution.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 in an immunocompromised host: convalescent plasma therapy and viral evolution elucidated by whole genome sequencing.BMJ case reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Immunomodulators and risk for breakthrough infection after third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cohort study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Intra-host mutation rate of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection during the initial pandemic wave.Virus genes · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 shedding and evolution in immunocompromised hosts during the Omicron period: a multicenter prospective analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBoth severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection and persistent infection have been reported, but sequence characteristics in these scenarios have not been described. We assessed published cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and persistence, characterizing the hallmarks of reinfecting sequences and the rate of viral evolution in persistent infection.
methodsA systematic review of PubMed was conducted to identify cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and persistence with available sequences. Nucleotide and amino acid changes in the reinfecting sequence were compared with both the initial and contemporaneous community variants. Time-measured phylogenetic reconstruction was performed to compare intrahost viral evolution in persistent SARS-CoV-2 to community-driven evolution.
resultsTwenty reinfection and 9 persistent infection cases were identified. Reports of reinfection cases spanned a broad distribution of ages, baseline health status, reinfection severity, and occurred as early as 1.5 months or >8 months after the initial infection. The reinfecting viral sequences had a median of 17.5 nucleotide changes with enrichment in the ORF8 and N genes. The number of changes did not differ by the severity of reinfection and reinfecting variants were similar to the contemporaneous sequences circulating in the community. Patients with persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) demonstrated more rapid accumulation of sequence changes than seen with community-driven evolution with continued evolution during convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibody treatment.
conclusionsReinfecting SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes largely mirror contemporaneous circulating sequences in that geographic region, while persistent COVID-19 has been largely described in immunosuppressed individuals and is associated with accelerated viral evolution.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.