ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2021
Entomological and Anthropological Factors Contributing to Persistent Malaria Transmission in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Cameroon.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasticity of blood feeding behavior of Anopheles mosquitoes in Ethiopia: a systematic review.Parasites & vectors · 2024Pooled it
- Assessment of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net (LLIN) ownership, utilization, and associated barriers in malaria-endemic communities of Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Assessment of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net (LLIN) Ownership, Utilization, and Associated Barriers in Malaria-Endemic Communities of Ethiopia.Research square · 2026Article
- Assessment of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net (LLIN) Ownership, Utilization, and Associated Barriers in Malaria-Endemic Communities of Ethiopia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- An underestimated risk? Analysis of outdoor malaria transmission in an urban area of Southern Benin.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- High exposure to malaria vector bites despite high use of bednets in a setting of seasonal malaria in southwestern Mali: the urgent need for outdoor vector control strategies.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Characterization of Malaria Outbreak in Marsabit County, Kenya, March 2024.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Human Blood Index ofJournal of tropical medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Analysis of the 24-h biting patterns and human exposures to malaria vectors in south-eastern Tanzania.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Molecular xenomonitoring reveals Anopheles funestus and An. rivulorum as the primary vectors of lymphatic filariasis in coastal Kenya.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Durability of PBO nets (Olyset Plus®), 12 months after their distribution in Bertoua, Cameroon.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2024Article
- Higher outdoor mosquito density and Plasmodium infection rates in and around malaria index case households in low transmission settings of Ethiopia: Implications for vector control.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Exploring the relationship betweenThe Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Entomological longitudinal surveys in two contrasted eco-climatic settings in Cameroon reveal a high malaria transmission from Anopheles funestus associated with GSTe2 metabolic resistance.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- A High Proportion of Malaria Vector Biting and Resting Indoors despite Extensive LLIN Coverage in Côte d'Ivoire.Insects · 2023Article
- Malaria transmission pattern across the Sahelian, humid savanna, highland and forest eco-epidemiological settings in Cameroon.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Utility of MALDI-TOF MS for determination of species identity and blood meal sources of primary malaria vectors on the Kenyan coast.Wellcome open research · 2023Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding malaria control among communities living in the south Cameroon forest region.IJID regions · 2022Article
- Vectorial capacity and TEP1 genotypes of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes on the Kenyan coast.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIn order to improve our understanding of the fundamental limits of core interventions and guide efforts based on prioritization and identification of effective/novel interventions with great potentials to interrupt persistent malaria transmission in the context of high vector control coverage, the drivers of persistent disease transmission were investigated in three eco-epidemiological settings; forested areas in Cameroon, coastal area in Kenya and highland areas in Ethiopia.
methodsMosquitoes were sampled in three eco-epidemiological settings using different entomological sampling techniques and analysed for Plasmodium infection status and blood meal origin in blood-fed specimens. Human behavioural surveys were conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of the population on malaria and preventive measures, their night activities, and sleeping pattern. The parasitological analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium infection in the population using rapid diagnostic tests.
resultsDespite the diversity in the mosquito fauna, their biting behaviour was found to be closely associated to human behaviour in the three settings. People in Kenya and Ethiopia were found to be more exposed to mosquito bites during the early hours of the evening (18-21h) while it was in the early morning (4-6 am) in Cameroon. Malaria transmission was high in Cameroon compared to Kenya and Ethiopia with over 50% of the infected bites recorded outdoors. The non-users of LLINs were 2.5 to 3 times more likely to be exposed to the risk of acquiring malaria compared to LLINs users. Malaria prevalence was high (42%) in Cameroon, and more than half of the households visited had at least one individual infected with Plasmodium parasites.
conclusionsThe study suggests high outdoor malaria transmission occurring in the three sites with however different determinants driving residual malaria transmission in these areas.
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