Trial reportChest2021
Towards Understanding the Effective Use of Antibiotics for Sepsis.
Trial report in Chest, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Timing of antibiotic initiation in sepsis and neutropenic fever.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Prehospital Administration of Antibiotics for Patients with Suspected Severe Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Early Antibiotic Therapy in Sepsis Without Shock: A Multimethod Study of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in ICU Patients.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence- and Machine Learning-Assisted Subphenotyping for Personalized Immunotherapy in Sepsis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of metagenomics next-generation sequencing on etiological diagnosis and early outcomes in sepsis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Prehospital point-of-care medication burden as a predictor of poor related outcomes in unselected acute diseases.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- The nasal microbiota is a potential diagnostic biomarker for sepsis in critical care units.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Heterogeneity of Benefit from Earlier Time-to-Antibiotics for Sepsis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Observational
- The impact of a sepsis performance improvement program in the emergency department: a before-after intervention study.Infection · 2023Article
- Time to treatment and mortality for clinical sepsis subtypes.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Article
- How to improve the care of septic patients following "Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021"?Journal of intensive medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on byResponse.2022
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe benefits of early antibiotics for sepsis have recently been questioned. Evidence for this mainly comes from observational studies. The only randomized trial on this subject, the Prehospital Antibiotics Against Sepsis (PHANTASi) trial, did not find significant mortality benefits from early antibiotics. That subgroups of patients benefit from this practice is still plausible, given the heterogeneous nature of sepsis. RESEARCH QUESTION: Do subgroups of sepsis patients experience 28-day mortality benefits from early administration of antibiotics in a prehospital setting? And what key traits drive these benefits? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsWe used machine learning to conduct exploratory partitioning cluster analysis to identify possible subgroups of sepsis patients who may benefit from early antibiotics. We further tested the influence of several traits within these subgroups, using a logistic regression model.
resultsWe found a significant interaction between age and benefits of early antibiotics (P = .03). When we adjusted for this interaction and several other confounders, there was a significant benefit of early antibiotic treatment (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.79; P = .03).
interpretationAn interaction between age and benefits of early antibiotics for sepsis has not been reported before. When validated, it can have major implications for clinical practice. This new insight into benefits of early antibiotic treatment for younger sepsis patients may enable more effective care.
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