ArticleAllergy2021
Infant gut microbiome is enriched with Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis in Old Order Mennonites with traditional farming lifestyle.
Article in Allergy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Milk Bioactive Compounds and Allergic- and Infectious-Related Infant Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Pooled it
- Nutrition and Gut Microbiome in the Prevention of Food Allergy.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Mother-to-infant vertical transmission in early life: a systematic review and proportional meta-analysis of Bifidobacterium strain transmissibility.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- The enteric DNA virome differs in infants at risk for atopic disease.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Article
- Global Asthma Disparities: Deciphering the Multifaceted Environmental Exposome Between Eastern and Western Populations.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Early-life immune imprinting by a B. infantis-HMO synbiotic shapes infant immune signatures and protects against experimental respiratory disease.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of the Indoor Exposome in Food Allergy Development.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Breastfeeding may lessen socioeconomic disparities in child health through differences in the infant gut microbiome.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Strain-level microbial signatures and inferred functional alterations in infants with food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Seeding the Future: How Feeding Mode Shapes the Infant Gut Microbiota.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Article
- Immunonutrition: Feeding the gut, skin, and immune system.Asia Pacific allergy · 2026Review
- Gut microbial IgA coating in infants with traditional farming lifestyle and urban infants with allergic outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota as a regulator of vaccine efficacy: implications for personalized vaccination.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Farm exposure in infancy is associated with elevated systemic IgGScience translational medicine · 2025Article
- Efficacy of a Ready-to-Feed Starter Liquid Infant Formula Containing 2-Fucosyllactose and Lacto-N-Neotetraose in Chinese Infants: Protocol for a Double Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Abundance ofmSphere · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Profiling of the Human Milk Microbiome from Birth to 12 Months Reveals Overall Stability and Selective Taxa-Level Variation.Microorganisms · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGrowing up on traditional, single-family farms is associated with protection against asthma in school age, but the mechanisms against early manifestations of atopic disease are largely unknown. We sought determine the gut microbiome and metabolome composition in rural Old Order Mennonite (OOM) infants at low risk and Rochester, NY urban/suburban infants at high risk for atopic diseases.
methodsIn a cohort of 65 OOM and 39 Rochester mother-infant pairs, 101 infant stool and 61 human milk samples were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbiome composition and qPCR to quantify Bifidobacterium spp. and B. longum ssp. infantis (B. infantis), a consumer of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Fatty acids (FAs) were analyzed in 34 stool and human 24 milk samples. Diagnoses and symptoms of atopic diseases by 3 years of age were assessed by telephone.
resultsAt a median age of 2 months, stool was enriched with Bifidobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Aerococcaceae in the OOM compared with Rochester infants. B. infantis was more abundant (p < .001) and prevalent, detected in 70% of OOM compared with 21% of Rochester infants (p < .001). Stool colonized with B. infantis had higher levels of lactate and several medium- to long/odd-chain FAs. In contrast, paired human milk was enriched with a distinct set of FAs including butyrate. Atopic diseases were reported in 6.5% of OOM and 35% of Rochester children (p < .001).
conclusionA high rate of B. infantis colonization, similar to that seen in developing countries, is found in the OOM at low risk for atopic diseases.
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