Trial reportInternational urology and nephrology2021
Vitamin C decreases reduced glutathione in chronic haemodialysis patients: a pilot, randomised, double-blind trial.
Trial report in International urology and nephrology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is the Juice Worth the Squeeze? Vitamin C Supplementation in Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of antioxidant intervention and exercise intervention for lipid peroxidation in dialysis patients: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Antioxidants for adults with chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Assessment of the effect of perineural dexmedetomidine on oxidative stress during peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion: a randomized, controlled trial.International urology and nephrology · 2022Trial
- Supplementation of Antioxidants in Chronic Kidney Disease: Clinical Necessity or Wishful Thinking? A Bench to Bedside Translational Research.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Review
- Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm.Open life sciences · 2023Article
- Pharmacological Basis for Abrogating Myocardial Reperfusion Injury Through a Multi-Target Combined Antioxidant Therapy.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2022Review
- Evaluation of the combination effect of rutin and vitamin C supplementation on the oxidative stress and inflammation in hemodialysis patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWhey protein has antioxidant properties through its amino acid cysteine, which enhances the biosynthesis of glutathione, the most abundant antioxidant non-protein in mammalians. Glutathione influences vitamin C recycling and increases its protective effect on oxidative stress (OS). The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of whey protein and vitamin C supplementation on OS biomarkers in chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients.
methodsThis pioneer trial was a randomised, double-blind, pilot study in patients from a dialysis clinic. Patients were randomised into three groups (1:1:1) and stratified by HD frequency (2 or 3 times/week). Sachets containing protein powder (20.0 g) with/without vitamin C (0.25 g) or placebo (20.0 g of white rice flour) with vitamin C (0.25 g) were supplemented after each HD session, 3 times/week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the baseline period and after 8 weeks for the measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidised glutathione (GSSG), the GSH:GSSG ratio, malondialdehyde, vitamin C, and glutathione peroxidase-1.
resultsTwenty-two patients were enrolled, of which 18 concluded the trial, 6 per group (18.2%, n = 4 losses during follow-up). The vitamin C group presented decreased GSH levels after supplementation (p = 0.053) and a decreasing tendency in the GSH:GSSG ratio (non-statistically significant), while MDA levels significantly decreased only in the whey protein-supplemented groups (p ≤ 0.05).
conclusionThe results suggest a pro-oxidant effect of 0.25 g of vitamin C alone in chronic HD patients. CLINICAL
trial registrationhttps://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/ , RBR-65b8f4.
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