ArticleJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2022
Hormonal tumor mapping for liver metastases of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a novel therapeutic strategy.
Article in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- DOCK10 Regulates Insulin Hypersecretion in Insulinoma and Serves as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Synchronous Pulmonary and Cecal High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Presenting as Hepatic Metastases: A Diagnostic Challenges and Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Personalized peripheral vascular interventional embolization for tumor: tailoring treatment to improve outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- A Case of Curative Resection by Minimally Invasive Surgery in Two Stages Using the Hormonal Mapping Test for Pancreatic Head ACTHoma with Multiple Liver Metastases.Surgical case reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIn patients with metastatic functional gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs), it is unknown what degree of tumor reduction is required to eliminate hormonal symptoms. We aimed to reduce hormonal symptoms derived from advanced GEP-NENs by efficient minimal intervention, constructing a hormonal tumor map of liver metastases.
methodsBetween 2013 and 2019, we treated 12 insulinoma or gastrinoma patients with liver metastases. Liver segments containing hormone-producing tumors were identified by injecting calcium gluconate via the hepatic arteries and monitoring the change in serum hormone concentration in the three hepatic veins. A greater-than-twofold increase in hormone concentration indicated a tumor-feeding vessel.
resultsCases included eight insulinomas and four gastrinomas. Primary lesions were functional in three patients and nonfunctional in 9. Nine patients showed hormonal step-up indicating the presence of functional lesions; eight showed step-up in tumor-bearing liver segments, while one with synchronous liver metastases showed step-up only in the pancreatic region. Five patients underwent surgery. Serum hormone concentration decreased markedly after removing the culprit lesions in 3; immediate improvement in hormonal symptoms was achieved in all patients. Three patients with previous surgical treatment who showed step-up underwent transcatheter arterial embolization, achieving temporary improvement of hormonal symptoms. Four patients showed unclear localization of the hormone-producing tumors; treatment options were limited, resulting in poor outcomes.
conclusionHormonal tumor mapping demonstrated heterogeneity in hormone production among primary and metastatic tumors of GEP-NENs. Minimally invasive treatment based on hormonal mapping may be a viable alternative to conventional cytoreduction.
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