ArticleJAMA network open2021
Weight Gain After Smoking Cessation and Risk of Major Chronic Diseases and Mortality.
Article in JAMA network open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Weight gain, obesity, and the impact of lifestyle factors among people living with HIV: A systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Educational inequalities in trajectories of co-occurring behavioral health risk factors over four years: a latent class growth analysis.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Impact of educational attainment on preventive efforts after myocardial infarction: results of the IPP and NET-IPP trials.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2025Trial
- Impact of Weight Concern on Post-Cessation Weight Management, Smoking Cessation, and Program Engagement.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2024Trial
- Impact of Smoking, Alcohol Use and Exercise on Underweight after Gastrectomy: A Nationwide Cohort Study of Gastric Cancer Patients in Korea.Gut and liver · 2026Article
- Associations of smoking and second-hand smoke exposure with obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea risk in Tuvalu.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- GLP-1 receptor agonists for smoking cessation: a narrative review of weight management potential.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Prevalence of smoking and factors associated with smoking cessation among diabetic patients in Chongqing, China: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- The Physiology of the WEight-Reduced State (POWERS) study: environmental, psychological, and social determinants of health.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Associations between smoking habits and weight-related behaviors among people who smoke in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Post-Cessation Weight Gain Across Smoking Cessation Therapies: A Review of Secondary Analyses from the ZESCA, EVITA, and E3 Trials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Smoking Cessation, Weight Change, and Risk of Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- The independent and combined effects of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on body mass index trajectories.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparison of obesity prevalence and associated factors among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes between 2014 and 2018.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Association Between Body Roundness Index and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in US Adults: Data from NHANES 2013-2018.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators to weight-loss in patients with overweight/obesity and cardiac disease: a realist qualitative synthesis.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2024Review
- Smoking cessation and mortality risk reduction in older adults with long-term smoking history.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Risk of incident type 2 diabetes in male NAFLD and NAFLD-free smokers: a 7-year post-cessation study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Lasting consequences of cigarette smoking on the heart.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Exploring Disparities for Obesity in Korea Using Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort Analysis With Cross-Classified Random Effect Models.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Smoking cessation is frequently followed by weight gain; however, whether weight gain after quitting reduces the health benefits of quitting is unclear. Objective: To examine the association between weight change after smoking cessation and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and all-cause mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of Australian adults aged 18 years or older who were studied between 2006 and 2014. Smoking status and anthropometric measurements were self-reported annually. Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) and the risk of CVD, type 2 diabetes, cancer, COPD, and mortality. Data were analyzed in January 2019. Exposures: Annual self-reported smoking status; years since quitting. Main Outcomes and Measures: Weight gain after quitting, incident CVD, type 2 diabetes, cancer, COPD, and all-cause mortality. Results: Of a total 16 663 participants (8082 men and 8581 women; mean [SD] age, 43.7 [16.3] years), those who quit smoking had greater increases in weight (mean difference [MD], 3.14 kg; 95% CI, 1.39-4.87) and BMI (MD, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.21-1.44) than continuing smokers. Compared with continuing smokers, the HRs for death were 0.50 (95% CI, 0.36-0.68) among quitters who lost weight, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.51-0.98) among quitters without weight change, 0.33 (95% CI, 0.21-0.51) among quitters who gained 0.1 to 5.0 kg, 0.24 (95% CI, 0.11-0.53) among quitters who gained 5.1 to 10 kg, and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.16-0.82) among quitters who gained more than 10 kg. The HRs for death were 0.61 (95% CI, 0.45-0.83) among quitters who lost BMI, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.51-1.44) among quitters without change in BMI, 0.32 (95% CI, 0.21-0.50) among quitters who gained up to 2 in BMI, and 0.26 (95% CI, 0.16-0.45) among quitters who gained more than 2 in BMI. Conclusions and Relevance: This cohort study found that smoking cessation was accompanied by a substantial weight gain; however, this was not associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases or an attenuation of the mortality benefit of cessation.
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