ArticleeLife2021
HIV-1 uncoating by release of viral cDNA from capsid-like structures in the nucleus of infected cells.
Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hiding in Plain Sight: HIV-1 Membraneless Organelles as Nuclear Hubs-Host Hijacking, Replication, Immune Evasion, and Drug-Access Implications.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- tRNA modifications in viral replication.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Discovery of 4-Quinazolinone-Containing Phenylalanine Derivatives as Potent, Resistant-Tolerant HIV Capsid Inhibitors.MedComm · 2026Article
- HIV-1 uncoating location dictates sites of integration.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Super-Resolution Imaging of Nuclear Pore Responses to Mechanical Stress and Energy Depletion.Viruses · 2026Article
- Decoding the biogenesis of HIV-induced CPSF6 puncta and their fusion with nuclear speckles.eLife · 2026Article
- Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Lenacapavir-induced capsid damage uncovers HIV-1 genomes emanating from nuclear speckles.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Antiviral potential of zinc ion: mechanisms and applications in viral infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Nuclear pore passage of the HIV capsid is driven by its unusual surface amino acid composition.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- SNX10 enhances HCoV-OC43 infection by facilitating viral entry and inhibiting virus-triggered autophagy.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Aquarius helicase facilitates HIV-1 integration into R-loop enriched genomic regions.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Decoding the biogenesis of HIV-induced CPSF6 puncta and their fusion with the nuclear speckle.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Blockade ofmBio · 2025Article
- MicroRNAs in HIV infection: dual regulators of viral replication and host immunity.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- HIV-1 nuclear import is selective and depends on both capsid elasticity and nuclear pore adaptability.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- HIV-1 binds dynein directly to hijack microtubule transport machinery.Science advances · 2025Article
- CPSF6 promotes HIV-1 preintegration complex function.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Kinetic implications of IPScience advances · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
HIV-1 replication commences inside the cone-shaped viral capsid, but timing, localization, and mechanism of uncoating are under debate. We adapted a strategy to visualize individual reverse-transcribed HIV-1 cDNA molecules and their association with viral and cellular proteins using fluorescence and correlative-light-and-electron-microscopy (CLEM). We specifically detected HIV-1 cDNA inside nuclei, but not in the cytoplasm. Nuclear cDNA initially co-localized with a fluorescent integrase fusion (IN-FP) and the viral CA (capsid) protein, but cDNA-punctae separated from IN-FP/CA over time. This phenotype was conserved in primary HIV-1 target cells, with nuclear HIV-1 complexes exhibiting strong CA-signals in all cell types. CLEM revealed cone-shaped HIV-1 capsid-like structures and apparently broken capsid-remnants at the position of IN-FP signals and elongated chromatin-like structures in the position of viral cDNA punctae lacking IN-FP. Our data argue for nuclear uncoating by physical disruption rather than cooperative disassembly of the CA-lattice, followed by physical separation from the pre-integration complex.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.