Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33903910›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical entomology2021

The Family Borreliaceae (Spirochaetales), a Diverse Group in Two Genera of Tick-Borne Spirochetes of Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles.

Alan G Barbour, Radhey S Gupta

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical entomology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Lyme borreliosis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. The ability of relapsing feverCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. A NovelPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  8. Multilocus Sequence Typing Unveils Two Novel Genospecies ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Detection and genetic identification ofInfectious medicine · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Pleomorphic Variants ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  16. A Novel Relapsing Fever GroupMicroorganisms · 2023
    Article
  17. Comparative transcriptome analysis ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023
    Article
  18. Molecular evidence ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Alan G BarbourDepartment of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0719-5248
Radhey S GuptaDepartment of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
McMaster University · CAUniversity of California, Irvine · US

Funding

Vaccines and Diagnostics TrialsU54AI065359 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI BARBOUR, ALAN G. · 2005 to 2013
$88.8M
NIAID NIH HHS U54 AI065359
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spirochetes of the family Borreliaceae are, with one exception, tick-borne pathogens of a variety of vertebrates. The family at present comprises two genera: Borrelia (Swellengrebel), which includes the agents of relapsing fever, avian spirochetosis, and bovine borreliosis, and Borreliella (Gupta et al.), which includes the agents of Lyme disease and was formerly known as 'Borrelia burgdorferi sensulato complex'. The two genera are distinguished not only by their disease associations but also biological features in the tick vector, including tissue location in unfed ticks and transovarial transmission. Borrelia species transmitted by argasid (soft) ticks tend to have more exclusive relationships with their tick vectors than do other Borrelia species and all Borreliella species that have ixodid (hard) ticks as vectors. The division of genera is supported by phylogenomic evidence from whole genomes and by several specific molecular markers. These distinguishing phylogenetic criteria also applied to three new species or isolates of Borrelia that were discovered in ixodid ticks of reptiles, a monotreme, and birds. Although the deep branching of the family from other spirochetes has been a challenge for inferences about evolution of the family, the discovery of related microorganisms in the gut microbiota of other arachnids suggests an ancestral origin for the family as symbionts of ticks and other arachnids.

Indexed as

Host SpecificityPhylogenyAnimalsArachnid VectorsBorreliaHumansPhenotypeTick-Borne DiseasesTicksVertebratesIxodesLyme diseaseOrnithodorosrelapsing fevertransovarial

Identifiers

PMID33903910
PMCPMC13395813
OpenAlexW3159419779

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.