ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2021
Systemic and organ-specific immune-related manifestations of COVID-19.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 182 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
182 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systemic inflammation index, disease severity, and mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Oral mucosa lesions in confirmed and non-vaccinated cases for COVID-19: A systematic review.Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2022Pooled it
- The emerging threat of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) in COVID-19: A systematic review.Heart & lung : the journal of critical carePooled it
- New-onset Anti-melanoma Differentiation-associated Gene 5 Antibody Positive Clinically Amyopathic Dermatomyositis Following COVID-19.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Xenosialylation as immunological chimerism: a host-centered unifying model for viral and post-vaccination immune complications.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Article
- Long-term risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with celiac disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Multiorgan Molecular Landscape of Severe COVID-19 Revealed by Consensus Gene Signatures and RAB8B Targeting.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Association of Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19-Related Pancreatic and Biliary Inflammatory Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Differentiating the COVID-19 Infection and Vaccine Experiences of Patients With Systemic, Single Organ, and Overlap Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease: Protocol for a Secondary Analysis for Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccine Pharmacovigilance.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Admission Serum Inflammatory and Injury Biomarkers Are Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in Neurological Inpatients with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Brain-COVID Cohort Study.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Persistent neurological sequelae in children and adolescents after SARS-CoV-2: a scoping review.Infection · 2026Article
- Robust antibody and T cell responses tracked longitudinally in patients with long COVID.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations for Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Review
- Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Outcomes of Hospitalized Liver Cirrhosis Patients With COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Analysis.Cureus · 2025Article
- The Etiopathogenesis of Kawasaki Disease: Evolving Understanding of Diverse Triggers.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Clinical, thyroid metabolic, and inflammatory features in pediatric patients with post-acute COVID-19 neuropsychiatric symptoms.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Examining rhabdomyolysis-related acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients and its comparison to other acute kidney injury types.World journal of virology · 2025Article
122 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune-related manifestations are increasingly recognized conditions in patients with COVID-19, with around 3,000 cases reported worldwide comprising more than 70 different systemic and organ-specific disorders. Although the inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is predominantly centred on the respiratory system, some patients can develop an abnormal inflammatory reaction involving extrapulmonary tissues. The signs and symptoms associated with this excessive immune response are very diverse and can resemble some autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, with the clinical phenotype that is seemingly influenced by epidemiological factors such as age, sex or ethnicity. The severity of the manifestations is also very varied, ranging from benign and self-limiting features to life-threatening systemic syndromes. Little is known about the pathogenesis of these manifestations, and some tend to emerge within the first 2 weeks of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas others tend to appear in a late post-infectious stage or even in asymptomatic patients. As the body of evidence comprises predominantly case series and uncontrolled studies, diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making is unsurprisingly often based on the scarcely reported experience and expert opinion. Additional studies are required to learn about the mechanisms involved in the development of these manifestations and apply that knowledge to achieve early diagnosis and the most suitable therapy.
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