ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology2021
Durable CD4 T-Cell Memory Generation Depends on Persistence of High Levels of Infection at an Effector Checkpoint that Determines Multiple Fates.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- T-cell immunity against influenza virus does not require Th1 or Th17 master regulator transcription factors.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Lack of memory recall in human CD4 T cells elicited by the first encounter with SARS-CoV-2.iScience · 2024Article
- Review
- Cytotoxic CD4 development requires CD4 effectors to concurrently recognize local antigen and encounter type I IFN-induced IL-15.Cell reports · 2023Article
- CD4 Effector TCR Avidity for Peptide on APC Determines the Level of Memory Generated.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- STAT1 Controls the Functionality of Influenza-Primed CD4 T Cells but Therapeutic STAT4 Engagement Maximizes Their Antiviral Impact.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Intermediate Levels of Pre-Existing Protective Antibody Allow Priming of Protective T Cell Immunity against Influenza.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- CD4 memory has a hierarchical structure created by requirements for infection-derived signals at an effector checkpoint.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals enriched memory T-cell subpopulations in hypertension.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have discovered that the determination of CD4 effector and memory fates after infection is regulated not only by initial signals from antigen and pathogen recognition, but also by a second round of such signals at a checkpoint during the effector response. Signals to effectors determine their subsequent fate, inducing further progression to tissue-restricted follicular helpers, cytotoxic CD4 effectors, and long-lived memory cells. The follicular helpers help the germinal center B-cell responses that give rise to high-affinity long-lived antibody responses and memory B cells that synergize with T-cell memory to provide robust long-lived protection. We postulate that inactivated vaccines do not provide extended signals from antigen and pathogen beyond a few days, and thus elicit ineffective CD4 T- and B-cell effector responses and memory. Defining the mechanisms that underlie effective responses should provide insights necessary to develop vaccine strategies that induce more effective and durable immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.