Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33902597›Full record

ReviewAnnals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials2021

Bacteriophage therapy for inhibition of multi drug-resistant uropathogenic bacteria: a narrative review.

Zahra Chegini, Amin Khoshbayan, Soheil Vesal, Alireza Moradabadi, Ali Hashemi, Aref Shariati

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed
10.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Biofilm-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in PediatricAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. A One Health Perspective onMicroorganisms · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Bacteriophage Therapy AgainstMicroorganisms · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. A lytic bacteriophage vB_KpnP-6K2 inhibits ST11-KL64Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Article
  11. Phage and endolysin-based inhibition ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Review
  12. Current Insights into Antibiotic Resistance in UropathogenicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Isolation and characterization of a novel phage targeting Klebsiella pneumoniae K2 capsular type.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Zahra CheginiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Amin KhoshbayanDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Soheil VesalDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
Alireza MoradabadiDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
Ali HashemiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Aref ShariatiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. arefshariati0111@sbmu.ac.ir.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1680-0427
Iran University of Medical Sciences · IRImam Khomeini Hospital · IRShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences · IRUniversity of Science and Culture · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) uropathogenic bacteria have increased in number in recent years and the development of new treatment options for the corresponding infections has become a major challenge in the field of medicine. In this respect, recent studies have proposed bacteriophage (phage) therapy as a potential alternative against MDR Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) because the resistance mechanism of phages differs from that of antibiotics and few side effects have been reported for them. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis are the most common uropathogenic bacteria against which phage therapy has been used. Phages, in addition to lysing bacterial pathogens, can prevent the formation of biofilms. Besides, by inducing or producing polysaccharide depolymerase, phages can easily penetrate into deeper layers of the biofilm and degrade it. Notably, phage therapy has shown good results in inhibiting multiple-species biofilm and this may be an efficient weapon against catheter-associated UTI. However, the narrow range of hosts limits the use of phage therapy. Therefore, the use of phage cocktail and combination therapy can form a highly attractive strategy. However, despite the positive use of these treatments, various studies have reported phage-resistant strains, indicating that phage-host interactions are more complicated and need further research. Furthermore, these investigations are limited and further clinical trials are required to make this treatment widely available for human use. This review highlights phage therapy in the context of treating UTIs and the specific considerations for this application.

Indexed as

Phage TherapyAnimalsBacteriaBacteriophagesBiofilmsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialGlycoside HydrolasesHost SpecificityHumansKlebsiella pneumoniaeProteus mirabilisUrinary Tract InfectionsUropathogenic Escherichia colicapsular-polysaccharide galactohydrolaseGlycoside HydrolasesMulti‐drug resistantPhage therapyUrinary tract infectionUrine

Identifiers

PMID33902597
PMCPMC8077874
OpenAlexW3157237587

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.