ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2021
Prevalence and risk factors of severe postpartum hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of tranexamic acid for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage among women at high risk of postpartum hemorrhage undergoing cesarean section: a meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Machine Learning in Assessing Intraoperative Blood Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International nursing review · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal near miss incidence ratio, its causes and risk factors in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive health · 2025Pooled it
- Hemostatic biomarkers associated with postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Blood advances · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of obstetric and neonatal outcomes in patients after treatment of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Magnitude of postpartum hemorrhage and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive health · 2022Pooled it
- Prepartum Anemia and Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis and Brief Review.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisPooled it
- Esketamine prevents carboprost-induced adverse reactions during cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia: a double-blind, randomized trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Development and validation of a clinical prediction model for postpartum hemorrhage after elective cesarean section.Journal of anesthesia · 2026Observational
- Preoperative risk score for invasive uterus-sparing hemostasis at cesarean delivery: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of postpartum hemorrhage in a tertiary hospital in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia (2017-2021): retrospective descriptive study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Risk factors for massive intraoperative hemorrhage during cesarean section in patients with complete placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum, without prior cesarean delivery: a retrospective case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes of anemia during pregnancy: a retrospective study in China, 2012-2020.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Accuracy of Blood Loss Estimation and Identification of Factors Contributing to Early Postpartum Hemorrhage Following Vaginal Delivery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage in Vaginal Delivery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2026Article
- The migration of placenta even after 30 gestational weeks is a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage.AJOG global reports · 2026Article
- Prostaglandin dose and time to fetal expulsion after intrauterine fetal death at 22 to 28 gestational weeks in Sweden: A retrospective cohort study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Association between pre-delivery bleeding tendency and postpartum bleeding severity: implications for rural and low-resource healthcare settings-a cohort study.Journal of rural medicine : JRM · 2026Article
- Hemoglobin Trajectory During Pregnancy and Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough maternal deaths are rare in developed regions, the morbidity associated with severe postpartum hemorrhage (SPPH) remains a major problem. To determine the prevalence and risk factors of SPPH, we analyzed data of women who gave birth in Guangzhou Medical Centre for Critical Pregnant Women, which received a large quantity of critically ill obstetric patients who were transferred from other hospitals in Southern China.
methodsIn this study, we conducted a retrospective case-control study to determine the prevalence and risk factors for SPPH among a cohort of women who gave birth after 28 weeks of gestation between January 2015 and August 2019. SPPH was defined as an estimated blood loss ≥1000 mL and total blood transfusion≥4 units. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for SPPH.
resultsSPPH was observed in 532 mothers (1.56%) among the total population of 34,178 mothers. Placenta-related problems (55.83%) were the major identified causes of SPPH, while uterine atony without associated retention of placental tissues accounted for 38.91%. The risk factors for SPPH were maternal age < 18 years (adjusted OR [aOR] = 11.52, 95% CI: 1.51-87.62), previous cesarean section (aOR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.90-3.47), history of postpartum hemorrhage (aOR = 4.94, 95% CI: 2.63-9.29), conception through in vitro fertilization (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.31-2.43), pre-delivery anemia (aOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.88-3.00), stillbirth (aOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.02-6.69), prolonged labor (aOR = 5.24, 95% CI: 3.10-8.86), placenta previa (aOR = 9.75, 95% CI: 7.45-12.75), placenta abruption (aOR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.91-7.76), placenta accrete spectrum (aOR = 8.00, 95% CI: 6.20-10.33), and macrosomia (aOR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.38-3.83).
conclusionMaternal age < 18 years, previous cesarean section, history of PPH, conception through IVF, pre-delivery anemia, stillbirth, prolonged labor, placenta previa, placental abruption, PAS, and macrosomia were risk factors for SPPH. Extra vigilance during the antenatal and peripartum periods is needed to identify women who have risk factors and enable early intervention to prevent SPPH.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.