Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33902255›Full record

ArticleTurkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences2021

Microwave-assisted Preparation of Cross-linked Gelatin-Paracetamol Matrices: Optimization Using the D-optimal Design

Tan Kian Kuang, Yew-Beng Kang, Ignacio Segarra, Ummarah Kanwal, Muhammad Ahsan, Nadeem Irfan Bukhari

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 50% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Tan Kian KuangInternational Medical University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaORCID 0000-0003-0246-6261
Yew-Beng KangInternational Medical University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaORCID 0000-0001-6733-8880
Ignacio SegarraInternational Medical University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaORCID 0000-0002-8721-2393
Ummarah KanwalPunjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PakistanORCID 0000-0003-4124-109X
Muhammad AhsanPunjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PakistanORCID 0000-0002-1570-8963
Nadeem Irfan BukhariInternational Medical University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaORCID 0000-0001-5710-9574
IMU University · MYUniversity of the Punjab · PK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effect of microwave heating on the preparation of paracetamol cross-linked gelatin matrices by using the design of experiment (DoE) approach and explore the influence of the duration of microwave irradiation, the concentrations of crosslinker, and the amount of sodium bicarbonate (salt) on paracetamol release. These parameters were also compared with those of the matrices prepared via conventional heating. Materials and Methods: Twenty gel matrices were prepared with different durations of microwave irradiation, amounts of maize, and concentrations of sodium bicarbonate as suggested by Design Expert (DX Results: Target responses were dependent on microwave irradiation time, cross-linker amount, and salt concentration. Classical and microwave heating did not demonstrate statistically significant difference in modifying the percentage of drug released from the matrices. However, the CVs of microwave-assisted formulations were lower than those of the gel matrices prepared via classical heating. Thus, microwave heating produced lesser variations in drug release. The optimized gel matrices demonstrated that the observed percentage of drug release, CV, and MDT were within the prediction interval generated by DX Conclusion: The DoE-supported microwave-assisted approach could be applied to optimize the critical factors of drug release with less variation.

Indexed as

classical heatingControlled release gel matricesexperiment designmicrowave heatingparacetamol

Identifiers

PMID33902255
PMCPMC8100778
OpenAlexW3043277758

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.