ArticleJournal of periodontology2021
Dysbiosis revisited: Understanding the role of the oral microbiome in the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis: A critical assessment.
Article in Journal of periodontology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial Markers for Diagnosis and Risk Assessment for Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Literature Search and Narrative Synthesis.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2025Pooled it
- Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin (i-PRF) in the Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy of melatonin as adjunctive therapy to non-surgical treatment of periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Electrolyzed saline as an alternative to chlorhexidine: Antimicrobial and biofilm volume outcomes in a 4-day non-brushing randomized controlled clinical trial.Journal of periodontology · 2026Trial
- The effect of dental floss sequence on plaque removal efficacy and periodontal health: a randomized controlled trial.BMC oral health · 2026Trial
- The plaque reducing efficacy of oil pulling with sesame oil: a randomized-controlled clinical study.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Trial
- Soil-plant-animal properties and microbial reassembly distinguish cattle oral disease prevalence across converted Amazon pasture systems.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2026Article
- Tumor Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Etiology and Pathogenesis to Treatment Response-A Scoping Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- A mechanistic framework linking the oral microbiome to Alzheimer's disease through neuroinflammation.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Review
- Altered Salivary Microbiome and Increased Immune Markers in Mouth-Breathing Children: Implications for Oral Health.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Awareness of Dental Professionals of the Relationship Between Prosthetic Pressure Lesions and Infective Endocarditis: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- Antibiotic Exposure and Periodontal Susceptibility: A Risk-Modifying Hypothesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Periodontal health in a longitudinal French cohort of people with Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Association of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- [The Oral Microbiome: Maintenance of Homeostasis, Disease Associations, and Mechanisms of Pathogenesis].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Review
- Metronidazole-Loaded Cyclodextrin Nanogels for Antibacterial Therapy and Microbiota Regulation in Periodontitis.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Microbial Profiling of Saliva, Oral Rinse, Subgingival Plaque and GCF Reveals Site-Specific Dysbiosis in Periodontitis: A Within-Subject Comparison of 150 Participants.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Article
- Global pharmacovigilance analysis of antimicrobials used in periodontal therapy: safety profiles of minocycline, doxycycline, and chlorhexidine.Head & face medicine · 2026Article
- Therapeutic potency and the related mechanism of deinoxanthin in experimental animal and cell models of periodontitis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Iron Oxide-Based Magnetic Nanoparticles in Oral Infection Control.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This commentary provides background, historical context, and a critical assessment of the concept that microbial dysbiosis drives the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. It is long known that periodontal pathogenesis is dependent on tooth-borne microbial biofilms (dental plaque) that trigger host inflammation resulting in periodontal destruction and tooth loss in some patients. Ecological principles governing plaque biofilm development, along with localized host responses, are both rooted in evolution. Interpretation of available evidence suggests that, in most patients, alveolar bone loss results from interactions of a highly diverse commensal microbiota with the host, and not from "overgrowth" of a few "pathobionts" that results in a "dysbiosis." Most previously described dysbiotic chronic diseases, for example, inflammatory bowel diseases and dermatitis, are characterized by decreased microbial diversity (likely due to frank overgrowth of one or a few microbial taxa). Most common forms of periodontitis do not appear to conform to this general principle, and the associated microbiome in fact almost always shows increased bacterial diversity compared with periodontal health. This diversity is driven by interactions of genetic and environmental factors working in concert within specific windows of time. Periodontal pathogenesis is likely the result of "personalized pathology," insofar as each patient likely has a variable constellation of microbes and host risk factors influencing specific tissue sites where disease activity occurs, and during a limited window of time (a tissue-destructive "burst"). The concept of cooperative virulence of higher abundance commensals in periodontal pathogenesis, which does not conform to the model of dysbiosis observed for other diseases, is discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.