ArticleEuropean addiction research2021
The Effects of the Lockdown during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption Behavior in Germany.
Article in European addiction research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smoking and vaping: systematic review and meta-analysis.Public health · 2023Pooled it
- The Intertwining of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Alcohol, Tobacco or Nicotine Use, and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Changes in alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: A meta-analysis of observational studies.Drug and alcohol review · 2022Pooled it
- Changes in alcohol use during COVID-19 and associations with contextual and individual difference variables: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Effects of Chocolate and Wine-Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Four-Year Effects of a Computer-Based Brief Alcohol Intervention Targeting Alcohol Users in the General Population: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Living Alone as a Persistent Risk Factor for Smoking and High-Risk Drinking: A Three-Year Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Republic of Korea.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association Between SARS-CoV-2-Related Experiences and Smoking Cessation in Switzerland: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Cognitive trajectories of older adults before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: socioeconomic and psychological disparities in the Lc65+ cohort.Innovation in aging · 2026Article
- Factors influencing complete abstinence during Thailand's temporary alcohol abstinence campaign.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Longitudinal predictors of alcohol use and problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in an at-risk veteran sample.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Observational
- Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Exercise: Associations With Addiction.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- [Mental health and mental healthcare as elements of pandemic and crisis preparedness].Der Nervenarzt · 2025Review
- Contextualizing Changes in e-Cigarette Use During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic and Accompanying Infodemic ("So Much Contradictory Evidence"): Qualitative Document Analysis of Reddit Forums.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Psychological impact and coping mechanisms among sudanese medical students: a study on anxiety, depression, behavioral, and cognitive changes post COVID-19 lockdown and ongoing conflict.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Changes in health behaviour of medical students during and after the COVID-19 pandemic-focus on physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, unhealthy foods, alcohol, and tobacco.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Health behavior and mental health by gender in Korean adults before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.PloS one · 2025Article
- Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Alcohol Consumption Among the Youths in Kampala, Uganda. A Cross-Sectional Study.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Perceived social measures and drinking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand.Journal of public health policy · 2024Article
- Change in prevalence of smoking during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among middle-aged and older adults in Canada: a cohort study of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.BMJ public health · 2024Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSimilar to other countries, the government of Germany has implemented various restrictions of social life in March 2020 to slow the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. This results in millions of people being isolated for long periods, which may increase feelings of worry and anxiety. As the consumption of alcohol and tobacco is an often used dysfunctional strategy to cope with such feelings, these restrictions might cause an increase of consumption. Already at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned that increased alcohol consumption during the lockdown can increase the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in the future. However, up to now little is known about the changes in alcohol-drinking behavior and tobacco smoking in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsTo address this theme, we investigated the changes in alcohol and tobacco consumption in the German population aged between 18 and 80 years via an online survey.
resultsIn total, 3,245 persons participated in the survey; 35.5% of them reported an increase in drinking during the lockdown (42.9% did not change their drinking behavior, 21.3% drank less, and 0.3% started drinking). The odds of consuming more alcohol during lockdown were associated with middle age, higher subjective stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a lower agreement with the importance of the restrictions, and consuming alcohol more than once per week before the lockdown. Also, 45.8% of the participants increased their smoking during the lockdown. The odds of smoking more during lockdown were associated with higher subjective stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
conclusionThese findings suggest that it is important to start campaigns to inform the general population about potential long-term effects of increased alcohol and tobacco consumption and to raise the health-care professionals' awareness of this topic.
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