SynthesisDrug and alcohol dependence2021
The intersection of gender and drug use-related stigma: A mixed methods systematic review and synthesis of the literature.
Synthesis in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stigma in substance-based and behavioural addictions: A systematic review.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025Pooled it
- Home-based detoxification for individuals with alcohol or drug dependence: A systematic review of the recent literature.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis continuum of care among women who inject drugs: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Women's and men's experiences in group therapy for substance use disorders: A qualitative analysis.The American journal on addictions · 2022Trial
- Substance Use-Associated Infective Endocarditis Mortality in Young U.S. Adults, 2018 to 2024.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Reproductive health considerations for HIV prevention integrated care models for women who inject drugs: Qualitative perspective of participants and providers in HIV Prevention Trials Network 094.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Provider-Specific Anticipated Stigma Scale for People Who Inject Drugs.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Keeping PeopleInternational journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2026Article
- Invisible pain: Sex/gender differences in pain-related stigma.Acta psychologica · 2026Article
- Facilitators, barriers, and strategies for optimizing engagement in recovery community centers among sexual minority people in the U.S. Northeast.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Exploring addiction treatment experiences among Iranian women in residential medium-term center: a qualitative study.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Out of Sight: Sex Differences in Public and Semi-Public Drug Use Settings Among People Who Use Opioids in Baltimore, Maryland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- HIV-Stigmatizing Beliefs and Attitudes as a Barrier to Early PrEP Care Continuum Engagement Among People Who Inject Drugs.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Identifying and Linking to Care and Treatment Persons With Hepatitis C Who Were Lost to Follow-Up, Georgia 2023-2024.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2026Article
- Social Influences Across Vaping Trajectories of Female Tertiary Students.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- "Stigma's Every Day, All Day Long": A Qualitative Exploration of Experiences of Overlapping Stigmas and HIV Prevention Service Use Among Women Who Use Drugs.Stigma and health · 2026Article
- "It Eats My Heart": Identifying Knowledge Gaps in Injection Drug-Related Endocarditis Among Hospitalized Patients.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Forecasting alcohol lapse risk up to two weeks in advance using time-lagged machine learning models.PloS one · 2026Article
- Gender differences in the relationship between alcohol use patterns and health-related quality of life in a population experiencing a recent surge in harmful alcohol use among females: the 2018 National survey in Taiwan.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSubstance use-related stigma is a significant barrier to care among persons who use drugs (PWUD). Less is known regarding how intersectional identities, like gender, shape experiences of substance use-related stigma. We sought to answer the following question: Do men or women PWUD experience more drug use stigma?
methodsData were drawn from a systematic review of the global, peer-reviewed scientific literature on substance use-related stigma conducted through 2017 and guided by the Stigma and Substance Use Process Model and PRISMA guidelines. Articles were included in the present analysis if they either qualitatively illustrated themes related to the gendered nature of drug use-related stigma, or quantitatively tested the moderating effect of gender on drug use-related stigma.
resultsOf the 75 studies included, 40 (53 %) were quantitative and 35 (47 %) were qualitative. Of the quantitative articles, 22 (55 %) found no association between gender and drug use-related stigma, 4 (10 %) identified women who use drugs (WWUD) were more stigmatized, and 2 (5 %) determined men who use drugs (MWUD) were more stigmatized. In contrast, nearly all (34; 97 %) of the qualitative articles demonstrated WWUD experienced greater levels of drug use-related stigma.
conclusionThe quantitative literature is equivocal regarding the influence of gender on drug use-related stigma, but the qualitative literature more clearly demonstrates WWUD experience greater levels of stigma. The use of validated drug use-related stigma measures and the tailoring of stigma scales to WWUD are needed to understand the role of stigma in heightening the disproportionate harms experienced by WWUD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.