ArticleKidney international2021
Apolipoprotein-1 risk variants and associated kidney phenotypes in an adult HIV cohort in Nigeria.
Article in Kidney international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It carries an expression of concern. It is linked to trial NCT03201939 (Optimal Management of HIV Infected Adults at Risk for Kidney Complications in Nigeria), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Optimal Management of HIV Infected Adults at Risk for Kidney Complications in Nigeria
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Apolipoprotein L1 gene variants and kidney disease in patients with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of nephrology · 2023Pooled it
- Semiparametric outcome regression-based estimator of Mann-Whitney-type causal effect.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Article
- Sickle cell trait, APOL1 risk allele status and chronic kidney disease among ART-experienced adults living with HIV in northern Nigeria.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2025Article
- The Vanderbilt Nigeria Biostatistics Training Program (VN-BioStat): Results from a Skills Workshop.International journal of statistics and probability · 2023Article
- Rank intraclass correlation for clustered data.Statistics in medicine · 2023Article
- Ethnic disparities in pregnancy-related acute kidney injury in a United Kingdom population.Journal of nephrology · 2023Article
- Etiology of Persistent Microalbuminuria in Nigeria (P_MICRO study): protocol and study design.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Genetic Variants ofKidney international reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Health inequities and the inappropriate use of race in nephrology.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2022Review
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated risk in rural South Africa: a population-based cohort study.Wellcome open research · 2022Article
- High risk APOL1 genotypes and kidney disease among treatment naïve HIV patients at Kano, Nigeria.PloS one · 2022Article
- Strategies for Successful Clinical Trial Recruitment of People Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Lessons Learned and Implementation Implications from the Nigeria Renal Risk Reduction (R3) Trial.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- APOL1-associated kidney disease in northern Nigerians with treated HIV infection.Kidney international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Expression of concern
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-positive adults are at risk for various kidney diseases, and apolipoprotein 1 (APOL1) high-risk genotypes increase this risk. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and ethnic distribution of APOL1 risk genotypes among a cohort of HIV-positive Nigerian adults and explore the relationship between APOL1 risk variant status with albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We conducted a cross-sectional study among 2 458 persons living with HIV who attended an HIV clinic in northern Nigeria and had received antiretroviral therapy for a minimum of six months. We collected two urine samples four-eight weeks apart to measure albumin excretion, and blood samples to measure eGFR and determine APOL1 genotype. The frequency of APOL1 high-risk genotype was 6.2%, which varied by ethnic group: Hausa/Fulani (2.1%), Igbo (49.1%), and Yoruba (14.5%). The prevalence of microalbuminuria (urine/albumin creatinine ratio 30- 300 mg/g) was 37%, and prevalence of macroalbuminuria (urine/albumin creatinine ratio over 300 mg/g) was 3%. The odds of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were higher for participants with the APOL1 high-risk genotype compared to those carrying the low-risk genotype ([adjusted odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.37-2.82] and [3.96, 1.95-8.02] respectively). APOL1 high-risk genotype participants were at higher risk of having both an eGFR under 60 ml/min/1.73m
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.