ArticleAnnals of neurology2021
Investigation of Autosomal Genetic Sex Differences in Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of genetically predicted serum iron levels on neurodegenerative and cardiovascular traits.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Investigation of Shared Genetic Risk Factors Between Parkinson's Disease and Cancers.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2023Pooled it
- Sex-aware causal inference assessment of the immune system in complex neurodegenerative diseases.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Massively parallel characterization and predictive modelling of neuronal regulatory variation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sex-biased Genetic Risk Loci and Causal Brain Proteins in Parkinson's Disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Exploring the Expression Changes of Immune Genes in Alzheimer's Disease: A Study on ANXA1, VCAM1, and CCL2.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Differentiating between the impact of sex and gender in Parkinson's disease: utilising these to advance current understanding and care practices.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Sex and gender-related differences in neurological diseases: current challenges and recommendations for clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Shared and Sex-Specific Genetic Risk for Parkinson's Disease Risk Across European Populations.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Microglia heterogeneity and therapeutic strategies in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Repurposing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for Parkinson's disease prevention: A drug-target Mendelian randomization study.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Integrative Genetic, Proteogenomic, and Multi-omics Analyses Reveal Sex-Biased Causal Genes and Drug Targets in Alzheimer's Disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- The relationship between kidney health and neurodegenerative diseases.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Saliva as a potential diagnostic medium: DNA methylation biomarkers for disorders beyond the oral cavity.NPJ genomic medicine · 2025Article
- Sex and gender differences in the molecular etiology of Parkinson's disease: considerations for study design and data analysis.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Chemical Characterization and Beneficial Effects of Walnut Oil on aMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Association of Body Mass Index and Parkinson Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.Neurology · 2024Article
- Transcriptomic imputation of genetic risk variants uncovers novel whole-blood biomarkers of Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Common genetic risk for Parkinson's disease and dysfunction of the endo-lysosomal system.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- A multi-site study on sex differences in cortical thickness in non-demented Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
38 authors at 12 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveParkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder. Men are on average ~ 1.5 times more likely to develop PD compared to women with European ancestry. Over the years, genomewide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic risk factors for PD, however, it is unclear whether genetics contribute to disease etiology in a sex-specific manner.
methodsIn an effort to study sex-specific genetic factors associated with PD, we explored 2 large genetic datasets from the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium and the UK Biobank consisting of 13,020 male PD cases, 7,936 paternal proxy cases, 89,660 male controls, 7,947 female PD cases, 5,473 maternal proxy cases, and 90,662 female controls. We performed GWAS meta-analyses to identify distinct patterns of genetic risk contributing to disease in male versus female PD cases.
resultsIn total, 19 genomewide significant regions were identified and no sex-specific effects were observed. A high genetic correlation between the male and female PD GWAS were identified (rg = 0.877) and heritability estimates were identical between male and female PD cases (~ 20%).
interpretationWe did not detect any significant genetic differences between male or female PD cases. Our study does not support the notion that common genetic variation on the autosomes could explain the difference in prevalence of PD between males and females cases at least when considering the current sample size under study. Further studies are warranted to investigate the genetic architecture of PD explained by X and Y chromosomes and further evaluate environmental effects that could potentially contribute to PD etiology in male versus female patients. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:41-48.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.