Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33900177›Full record

ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2021

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Circulation and Diversity through Community Wastewater Sequencing, the Netherlands and Belgium.

Ray Izquierdo-Lara, Goffe Elsinga, Leo Heijnen, Bas B Oude Munnink, Claudia M E Schapendonk, David Nieuwenhuijse, Matthijs Kon, Lu Lu, Frank M Aarestrup, Samantha Lycett and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
137citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

137 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. A comprehensive database for biological data derived from sewage in five European cities.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
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  17. Agile, on-demand wastewater surveillance of virus infections to support pandemic and outbreak response in Rotterdam-Rijnmond, the Netherlands, 2020 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Tracking epidemic viruses in wastewaters.Microbial biotechnology · 2024
    Review
  20. Article

77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Ray Izquierdo-Lara
Goffe Elsinga
Leo Heijnen
Bas B Oude Munnink
Claudia M E Schapendonk
David Nieuwenhuijse
Matthijs Kon
Lu Lu
Frank M Aarestrup
Samantha Lycett
Gertjan Medema
Marion P G Koopmans
Miranda de Graaf

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly become a major global health problem, and public health surveillance is crucial to monitor and prevent virus spread. Wastewater-based epidemiology has been proposed as an addition to disease-based surveillance because virus is shed in the feces of ≈40% of infected persons. We used next-generation sequencing of sewage samples to evaluate the diversity of SARS-CoV-2 at the community level in the Netherlands and Belgium. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the most prevalent clades (19A, 20A, and 20B) and clustering of sewage samples with clinical samples from the same region. We distinguished multiple clades within a single sewage sample by using low-frequency variant analysis. In addition, several novel mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome were detected. Our results illustrate how wastewater can be used to investigate the diversity of SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in a community and identify new outbreaks.

Indexed as

COVID-19SARS-CoV-2BelgiumHumansNetherlandsPhylogenyWastewaterWastewaterBelgiumcoronavirus diseaseCoVCOVID-19epidemiologyIlluminaNanoporepublic healthrespiratory infectionsSARS-CoV-2severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2sewagethe Netherlandsviruseswastewaterzoonoses

Identifiers

PMID33900177
PMCPMC8084483

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.