ReviewAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2021
Chemically Engineered Immune Cell-Derived Microrobots and Biomimetic Nanoparticles: Emerging Biodiagnostic and Therapeutic Tools.
Review in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomimetic membrane-coated metal nanoplatforms for enhanced BBB penetration and targeted glioblastoma therapy.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immune-modified exosome vaccine loaded with liver cancer epitope peptides induces potent and specific antitumor immunity.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Antifungal activity of oily core PEGylated PLGA nanocapsules loaded with Penicillium oxalicum fungal extract: in vitro, in vivo, and in silico study.Microbial cell factories · 2026Article
- Microvesicles, exosomes and their combinations with cytoplasmic organelles: from their discovery to their innovative roles in clinical medicine.Biology direct · 2026Review
- Theranostic Applications of Microrobots: Integrating Diagnostics and Precision Drug Delivery.Current drug discovery technologies · 2026Review
- Magnetic Microrobots for Drug Delivery: A Review of Fabrication Materials, Structure Designs and Drug Delivery Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Macrophage-centered therapy strategies: A promising weapon in cancer immunotherapy.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Ultrasound-mediated nanomaterials for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2025Review
- Review
- Macrophage Membrane-Coated Nanocarriers in Myocardial Infarction: A Paradigm Shift in Targeted Cardiac Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- A hypoxia-activated and microenvironment-remodeling nanoplatform for multifunctional imaging and potentiated immunotherapy of cancer.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Perspectives on CRISPR Genome Editing to Prevent Prion Diseases in High-Risk Individuals.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Lymphoid organ-targeted nanomaterials for immunomodulation of cancer, inflammation, and beyond.Chemical Society reviews · 2024Review
- Nanotherapeutics for Macrophage Network Modulation in Tumor Microenvironments: Targets and Tools.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Immune cell membrane-based biomimetic nanomedicine for treating cancer metastasis.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Review
- Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles: a novel multifunctional biomimetic drug delivery system.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Review
- Erythrocyte-Inspired Functional Materials for Biomedical Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Tumor-Targeted Erythrocyte Membrane Nanoparticles for Theranostics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics: progress and prospects.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past decades, considerable attention has been dedicated to the exploitation of diverse immune cells as therapeutic and/or diagnostic cell-based microrobots for hard-to-treat disorders. To date, a plethora of therapeutics based on alive immune cells, surface-engineered immune cells, immunocytes' cell membranes, leukocyte-derived extracellular vesicles or exosomes, and artificial immune cells have been investigated and a few have been introduced into the market. These systems take advantage of the unique characteristics and functions of immune cells, including their presence in circulating blood and various tissues, complex crosstalk properties, high affinity to different self and foreign markers, unique potential of their on-demand navigation and activity, production of a variety of chemokines/cytokines, as well as being cytotoxic in particular conditions. Here, the latest progress in the development of engineered therapeutics and diagnostics inspired by immune cells to ameliorate cancer, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular complications, and infectious diseases is reviewed, and finally, the perspective for their clinical application is delineated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.