ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
TOX Acts as a Tumor Suppressor by Inhibiting mTOR Signaling in Colorectal Cancer.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antigen-specific CD8British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Lipid metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer: Insights to mechanisms and therapeutics.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Review
- Development and validation of nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer-specific survival in unresected colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Low expression of TOX predicts poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer in the real world: A retrospective study.Heliyon · 2025Article
- TOX regulates T lymphocytes differentiation and its function in tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Expression ofJournal of immunology research · 2023Article
- New sights of immunometabolism and agent progress in colitis associated colorectal cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Higher thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box (TOX) expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- mTOR as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Microbial Infections, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, and Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Genomic signature of MTOR could be an immunogenicity marker in human colorectal cancer.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- Inducing immunogenic cell death in immuno-oncological therapies.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2022Article
- The Association of Aberrant Expression of FGF1 and mTOR-S6K1 in Colorectal Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The treatment and prognosis of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) remain a challenging clinical research focus. Here, we describe a new CRC tumor suppressor and potential therapeutic target: thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box (TOX) protein. The expression of TOX was lower in CRC than para-CRC. With the increase of tumor stage, TOX expression decreased, indicating the presence of TOX relates to better overall survival (OS). TOX suppressed the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signaling to inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and change the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In addition, TOX promoted apoptosis. As tumor mutation burden and tumor microenvironment play vital roles in the occurrence and development of tumors, we analyzed the TOX expression in the immune microenvironment of CRC. The high TOX expression was negatively correlated with TumorPurity. Moreover, it was positively related to ImmuneScore, StromalScore, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, and Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS) 3 typing. Based on gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), the reduced expression of TOX activated mTOR. We found rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, partly inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in shTOX HCT116 cells. Lastly, TOX suppressed tumorigenesis and lung metastasis of CRC
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