ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Beyond Emerging With the Introduction of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) following atezolizumab and bevacizumab treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes: Advances and Future Perspectives in Immunopathogenesis and Management.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pharmacovigilance Insights Into Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Risk of Paraneoplastic Syndrome: A Large-Scale Real World Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Upregulation of PD-1 on Peripheral T cells Subsets is Associated with Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Novel therapeutic strategies for non-small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Unmasking a Paradox: Roles of the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Neuroinflammation.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Review
- Anti-Hu associated paraneoplastic upper and lower motor neuropathy triggered by atezolizumab.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Small Cell Lung Cancer Neuronal Features and Their Implications for Tumor Progression, Metastasis, and Therapy.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2024Review
- Unravelling the Acute, Chronic and Steroid-Refractory Management of High-Grade Neurological Immune-Related Adverse Events: A Call to Action.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Neurological Immune-Related Adverse Events Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Initial screening for neuronal autoantibodies and their putative impact on survival in patients with small-cell lung cancer.Thoracic cancer · 2024Article
- Predominant CD8Pathology international · 2024Article
- Clinical outcomes and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with solid tumors and paraneoplastic syndromes.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Polyclonal lymphoid expansion drives paraneoplastic autoimmunity in neuroblastoma.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Neurological Adverse Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy.World journal of oncology · 2023Review
- Septin-3 autoimmunity in patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Review
- Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2022Review
- Neurotoxicity and safety of the rechallenge of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a growing issue in neuro-oncology practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Review
- How to diagnose and manage neurological toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors: an update.Journal of neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are more commonly seen with malignancies such as small cell lung cancer, thymoma, gynecological malignancies, and breast cancer as well as seminoma. With the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) cancer immunotherapy we see an increase of autoimmune neurological complications in patients with malignancies not traditionally associated with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, such as melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors enhance antitumor immune responses resulting often in immune-related adverse effects that can affect any organ, including the central and peripheral nervous system, neuromuscular junction and muscle. Neurological complications are rare; neuromuscular complications are more common than central nervous system ones but multifocal neurological presentations are often encountered. The vast majority of neurological complications appear within 3 months of ICI initiation, but have been described even after ICI cessation. Neural autoantibody testing reveals autoantibodies in approximately half of the patients with CNS complications. Early suspicion and diagnosis is critical to avoid worsening and improve outcomes. Therapeutic strategies depend on the severity of the symptoms and initially typically involve discontinuation of ICI and high dose steroids. Further immunosuppression might be necessary. Outcomes are dependent on patient's characteristics and clinical presentations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.