ReviewTrends in microbiology2021
Durability of Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses.
Review in Trends in microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterising the asynchronous resurgence of common respiratory viruses following the COVID-19 pandemic.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 infections and their potential risk to public health - a systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Bacterial mRNA Vaccines: Programming Immunity Against Antimicrobial Resistance.Drug development research · 2026Review
- Epidemiology, Distinct Seasonal Dynamics, and Age-Specific Characteristics of Eight Respiratory Viruses in Thailand, 2025.Journal of tropical medicine · 2026Article
- Shifts in seasonal timing of respiratory diseases and causes of death following a natural pandemic event.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Early monocyte subset signatures predict outcomes in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Systems Human Immunology and AI: Immune Setpoint and Immune Health.Annual review of immunology · 2025Review
- Burden of Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by Influenza Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and SARS-CoV-2 with Consideration of Older Adults: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- Waning immunity drives respiratory virus evolution and reinfection.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2025Article
- Review
- Timing influences the impact of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation on the humoral immune response to respiratory viral infection.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2024Article
- Early mucosal events promote distinct mucosal and systemic antibody responses to live attenuated influenza vaccine.Nature communications · 2023Article
- [Vaccine strategy in hibernal viruses: Present and future].Atencion primaria · 2023Article
- A research and development (R&D) roadmap for broadly protective coronavirus vaccines: A pandemic preparedness strategy.Vaccine · 2023Review
- Impact of Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants in Previously Infected Hamsters.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- AZD1222-induced nasal antibody responses are shaped by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlate with virologic outcomes in breakthrough infection.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Social divisions and risk perception drive divergent epidemics and large later waves.Evolutionary human sciences · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses associate with sex, age and disease severity in previously uninfected people admitted to hospital with COVID-19: An ISARIC4C prospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Adaptive Immunity to Viruses: What Did We Learn from SARS-CoV-2 Infection?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Even in nonpandemic times, respiratory viruses account for a vast global burden of disease. They remain a major cause of illness and death and they pose a perpetual threat of breaking out into epidemics and pandemics. Many of these respiratory viruses infect repeatedly and appear to induce only narrow transient immunity, but the situation varies from one virus to another. In the absence of effective specific treatments, understanding the role of immunity in protection, disease, and resolution is of paramount importance. These problems have been brought into sharp focus by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we summarise what is now known about adaptive immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and draw comparisons with immunity to other respiratory viruses, focusing on the longevity of protective responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.