Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33896661›Full record

ArticleVaccine2021

Vaccination willingness, vaccine hesitancy, and estimated coverage at the first round of COVID-19 vaccination in China: A national cross-sectional study.

Chao Wang, Bingfeng Han, Tianshuo Zhao, Hanyu Liu, Bei Liu, Linyi Chen, Mingzhu Xie, Jiang Liu, Hui Zheng, Sihui Zhang and 6 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
104citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
18.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

104 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Nirmatrelvir combined with ritonavir for preventing and treating COVID-19.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. The Role of Trust in COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: Considerations from a Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Pooled it
  4. Nirmatrelvir combined with ritonavir for preventing and treating COVID-19.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
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  14. The Role of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Administration During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Questionnaire Survey.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025
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44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Chao WangDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Bingfeng HanDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Tianshuo ZhaoDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Hanyu LiuDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Bei LiuDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Linyi ChenDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Mingzhu XieDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Jiang LiuDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Hui ZhengDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Sihui ZhangDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Yu WangDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Ninghua HuangDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Juan DuDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Ya-Qiong LiuDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Qing-Bin LuDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China. Electronic address: qingbinlu@bjmu.edu.cn.
Fuqiang CuiDepartment of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China. Electronic address: cuifuq@bjmu.edu.cn.
Peking University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become an important public health solution. To date, there has been a lack of data on COVID-19 vaccination willingness, vaccine hesitancy, and vaccination coverage in China since the vaccine has become available.

methodsWe designed and implemented a cross-sectional, population-based online survey to evaluate the willingness, hesitancy, and coverage of the COVID-19 vaccine among the Chinese population. 8742 valid samples were recruited and classified as the vaccine-priority group (n = 3902; 44.6%) and the non-priority group (n = 4840; 55.4%).

resultsThe proportion of people's trust in the vaccine, delivery system, and government were 69.0%, 78.0% and 81.3%, respectively. 67.1% of the participants were reportedly willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccination, while 9.0% refused it. 834 (35.5%) reported vaccine hesitancy, including acceptors with doubts (48.8%), refusers (39.4%), and delayers (11.8%). The current coverage was 34.4%, far from reaching the requirements of herd immunity. The predicted rate of COVID-19 vaccination was 64.9%, 68.9% and 81.1% based on the rates of vaccine hesitancy, willingness, and refusal, respectively.

conclusionsThe COVID-19 vaccine rate is far from reaching the requirements of herd immunity, which will require more flexible and comprehensive efforts to improve the population's confidence and willingness to vaccinate. It should be highlighted that vaccination alone is insufficient to stop the pandemic; further efforts are needed not only to increase vaccination coverage but also to maintain non-specific prevention strategies.

Indexed as

COVID-19VaccinesChinaCOVID-19 VaccinesCross-Sectional StudiesHumansSARS-CoV-2VaccinationCOVID-19 VaccinesVaccinesConfidenceCOVID-19 vaccineVaccinationVaccine hesitancyWillingness

Identifiers

PMID33896661
PMCPMC8043613
OpenAlexW3154346966

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.