ArticleCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2021
Contribution of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neuronal Activity to BOLD fMRI.
Article in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Optogenetic fMRI for Brain-Wide Circuit Analysis of Sensory Processing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Temporal stability of functional network configurations and its relationship to cognition and psychopathology in early psychoses.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Characterising the Diffusion Functional Signature of Negative BOLD With Interleaved TMS-fMRI in the Human Brain.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Resting fMRI functional connectivity reflects fluctuations in inhibitory interneuron activity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Complementarity of BOLD and ADC-fMRI in Mapping Brain Visual Processing in the Rat.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- Mesoscale cortical mechanisms of perceptual conflict resolution in binocular rivalry.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Maximum entropy model reveals frequent brain state switching in a multiversal brain function analysis in early psychoses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- From microstates to macroscales: A Critical Review of Maximum Entropy Modeling and Energy Landscape Analysis in functional MRI.Research square · 2025Article
- Specific genetic and biological patterns underlying cortical morphological alterations in vascular cognitive impairment.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Single-Neuron Responses to Odor-Related Words in the Human Amygdala.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- WISDEM: a hybrid wireless integrated sensing detector for simultaneous EEG and MRI.Nature methods · 2025Article
- Layer-specific changes in sensory cortex across the lifespan in mice and humans.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity correlates with spontaneous neural interactions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Differential impacts of social isolation and enriched environment on multi-sensory brain-wide functionality and network segregation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Somatostatin-expressing interneurons induce early NO-driven and late specific astrocyte-mediated vasodilation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The dorsal column nuclei scale mechanical sensitivity in naive and neuropathic pain states.Cell reports · 2025Article
- In the brain of the beholder: bi-stable motion reveals mesoscopic-scale feedback modulation in V1.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- Neuromodulation in Small Animal fMRI.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025Review
- Practical scan-length considerations for mapping upper limb movements to the somatosensory/motor cortex at 7T: A pilot study.Neuroimage. Reports · 2025Article
- Neurovascular coupling: a review of spontaneous neocortical dynamics linking neuronal activity to hemodynamics and what we have learned from the rodent brain.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The BOLD fMRI response in the cortex is often assumed to reflect changes in excitatory neural activity. However, the contribution of inhibitory neurons to BOLD fMRI is unclear. Here, the role of inhibitory and excitatory activity was examined using multimodal approaches: electrophysiological recording, 15.2 T fMRI, optical intrinsic signal imaging, and modeling. Inhibitory and excitatory neuronal activity in the somatosensory cortex were selectively modulated by 20-s optogenetic stimulation of VGAT-ChR2 and CaMKII-ChR2 mice, respectively. Somatosensory stimulation and optogenetic stimulation of excitatory neurons induced positive BOLD responses in the somatosensory network, whereas stimulation of inhibitory neurons produced biphasic responses at the stimulation site, initial positive and later negative BOLD signals, and negative BOLD responses at downstream sites. When the stimulation duration was reduced to 5 s, the hemodynamic response of VGAT-ChR2 mice to optogenetic stimulation was only positive. Lastly, modeling performed from neuronal and hemodynamic data shows that the hemodynamic response function (HRF) of excitatory neurons is similar across different conditions, whereas the HRF of inhibitory neurons is highly sensitive to stimulation frequency and peaks earlier than that of excitatory neurons. Our study provides insights into the neurovascular coupling of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and the interpretation of BOLD fMRI signals.
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