ArticleBMJ open2021
Identifying the causal effect of child marriage on unmet needs for modern contraception and unintended pregnancy in Nepal: a cross-sectional study using propensity score matching.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of high-quality antenatal care on skilled birth attendant utilization in Ethiopia: a propensity score matching analysis.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Using Propensity Score Subclassification to Estimate the Population-Average Causal Effect of Temporomandibular Dysfunction Experience on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Australian Adults.Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 2025Article
- Estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan African countries: propensity score matching analysis of recent demographic and health survey data.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the causal effect of maternal education on the utilisation of maternal health services in Bangladesh using an observational study - a comparison of different propensity score methods and covariate adjustment.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Understanding influencing attributes of COVID-19 vaccine preference and willingness-to-pay among Chinese and American middle-aged and elderly adults: A discrete choice experiment and propensity score matching study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Unmet need for family planning among married women in Zambia: lessons from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey.BMC women's health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to investigate whether child marriage had causal effects on unmet needs for modern contraception, and unintended pregnancy, by estimating the marginal (population-averaged) treatment effect of child marriage.
designThis study used secondary data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Applying one-to-one nearest-neighbour matching with replacement within a calliper range of ±0.01, 15-49 years old women married before the age of 18 were matched with similar women who were married at 18 or above to reduce selection bias.
settingNationally representative population survey data.
participantsThe sample consisted of 7833 women aged 15-49 years who were married for more than 5 years. OUTCOME MEASURES: Unmet needs for modern contraception and unintended pregnancy.
resultsThe matching method achieved adequate overlap in the propensity score distributions and balance in measured covariates between treatment and control groups with the same propensity score. Propensity score matching analysis showed that the risk of unmet needs for modern contraception, and unintended pregnancy among women married as children were a 14.3 percentage point (95 % CI 10.3 to 18.2) and a 10.1 percentage point (95 % CI 3.7 to 16.4) higher, respectively, than among women married as adults. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the estimated effects were robust to unmeasured covariates.
conclusionsChild marriage appears to increase the risk of unmet needs for modern contraception and unintended pregnancy. These findings call for social development and public health programmes that promote delayed entry into marriage and childbearing to improve reproductive health and rights.
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