ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2021
Validation of the Opioid Overdose Risk Behavior Scale, version 2 (ORBS-2).
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06581276 (Increasing Access to Evidence-based Treatment for Chronic Pain and Opioid Use Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Increasing Access to Evidence-based Treatment for Chronic Pain and Opioid Use Disorder: Adapting Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Opioid Treatment Programs
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Polysubstance Assessment Tool: Reliability, acceptability and feasibility of a novel measure of polysubstance use.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Syringe service program utilization, behavioral, and experiential factors associated with greater naloxone protection in a longitudinal cohort of people who use illicit opioids in New York city.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- A Mobile Health Application to Support Reductions in Overdose Risk Behaviors: A Pilot Study.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Enhancing data compatibility in an evolving landscape: Medical cannabis and polysubstance use protocols in the PhenX Toolkit.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Syringe Service Program Utilization, Behavioral, and Experiential Factors Associated with Greater Naloxone Protection in a Longitudinal Cohort of People Who Use Illicit Opioids in New York City.Research square · 2025Article
- Overdose risk profiles in pregnancy: Latent class analysis of pregnant individuals with opioid use disorder.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- An exploratory study on the use of sexually transmitted infection prevention and contraception methods among women and men who use unprescribed opioids.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Exploration of novel harm reduction approaches to increase client engagement (ENHANCE): protocol for a prospective cohort study.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Reaching people who use drugs with sexual and reproductive healthcare through syringe services programs: potential promise and missed opportunities.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Evaluation of self-directed specimen collection for chlamydia and gonorrhea testing among people who use drugs.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2024Article
- Racial/ethnic disparities in opioid overdose prevention: comparison of the naloxone care cascade in White, Latinx, and Black people who use opioids in New York City.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the factor structure of a revised and expanded opioid overdose risk behavior scale and assess its associations with known overdose indicators and other clinical constructs.
backgroundOpioid-related overdose remains high in the U.S. We lack strong instrumentation for assessing behavioral risk factors. We revised and expanded the opioid overdose risk behavior scale (ORBS-1) for use among a broader range of people who use opioids. SETTING & SAMPLING FRAME: Using respondent-driven sampling we recruited adults (18+) reporting current unprescribed opioid use and New York City residence.
methodParticipants (N = 575) completed the ORBS-1, ORBS-2, and a variety of clinical measures and then completed the ORBS-2 and overdose risk outcomes across monthly follow-up assessments over a 13-month period.
resultsPrincipal components analysis was used to identify six ORBS-2 subscales, Prescription Opioid Misuse, Risky Non-Injection Use, Injection Drug Use, Concurrent Opioid and Benzodiazepine Use, Concurrent Opioid and Alcohol Use, and Multiple-Drug Polysubstance Use. All subscales showed moderate non-parametric correlations with the ORBS-1 and with corresponding clinical constructs. Five of the subscales were significantly (p < .01) positively associated with self-reported non-fatal overdose. Of note, the Risky Non-Injection Use subscale was the most strongly associated with past-month overdose indicators.
conclusionsPsychometrics for the opioid overdose risk behavior subscales identified suggest the ongoing utility of risk behavioral instrumentation for epidemiological research and clinical practice focused on risk communication and minimization. Use of the entire ORBS-2 measure can provide insight into the proximal/behavioral factors of greatest concern to reduce overdose mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.