ArticleComputers in biology and medicine2021
Exploring SARS-COV-2 structural proteins to design a multi-epitope vaccine using immunoinformatics approach: An in silico study.
Article in Computers in biology and medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Study on immunogenicity of recombinant ferritin hemagglutinin of canine distemper virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Immunoinformatics-Based development of a Multi-Epitope vaccine candidate targeting coinfection by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Molecular dynamics simulation shows enhanced stability in scaffold-based macromolecule, designed by protein engineering: a novel methodology adapted for converting Mtb Ag85A to a multi-epitope vaccine.Journal of molecular modeling · 2025Article
- Development of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate to combat SARS-CoV-2 and dengue virus co-infection through an immunoinformatic approach.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Using immunoinformatics and bioinformatics approach to design novel and effective rational in-silico vaccine against humanIn silico pharmacology · 2025Article
- Designing a multi-epitope influenza vaccine: an immunoinformatics approach.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Immunized mice naturally process in silico-derived peptides from the nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- A First Computational Frame for Recognizing Heparin-Binding Protein.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Molecular Mimicry Mapping inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Developing a multiepitope vaccine for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox virus co-infection: A reverse vaccinology analysis.International immunopharmacology · 2023Article
- In silico design and immunoinformatics analysis of a universal multi-epitope vaccine against monkeypox virus.PloS one · 2023Article
- Development of a tetravalent subunit vaccine against dengue virus through a vaccinomics approach.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Mapping Potential Vaccine Candidates Predicted by VaxiJen for Different Viral Pathogens between 2017-2021-A Scoping Review.Vaccines · 2022Article
- IDbSV: An Open-Access Repository for Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Variations and Evolution.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Role of artificial intelligence in peptide vaccine design against RNA viruses.Informatics in medicine unlocked · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In December 2019, a new virus called SARS-CoV-2 was reported in China and quickly spread to other parts of the world. The development of SARS-COV-2 vaccines has recently received much attention from numerous researchers. The present study aims to design an effective multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-COV-2 using the reverse vaccinology method. In this regard, structural proteins from SARS-COV-2, including the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, were selected as target antigens for epitope prediction. A total of five helper T lymphocytes (HTL) and five cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes were selected after screening the predicted epitopes for antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. Subsequently, the selected HTL and CTL epitopes were fused via flexible linkers. Next, the cholera toxin B-subunit (CTxB) as an adjuvant was linked to the N-terminal of the chimeric structure. The proposed vaccine was analyzed for the properties of physicochemical, antigenicity, and allergenicity. The 3D model of the vaccine construct was predicted and docked with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to evaluate the stable interactions between the vaccine construct and TLR4. The immune simulation was also conducted to explore the immune responses induced by the vaccine. Finally, in silico cloning of the vaccine construct into the pET-28 (+) vector was conducted. The results obtained from all bioinformatics analysis stages were satisfactory; however, in vitro and in vivo tests are essential to validate these results.
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