ArticleComparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology2021
Cold hardening improves larval tick questing under low temperatures at the expense of longevity.
Article in Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carryover Effects of Thermal Conditions on Tick Survival, Behavior, and Simulated Detectability.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Aquaporins modulate the cold response of Haemaphysalis longicornis via changes in gene and protein expression of fatty acids.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Shifted levels of sleep and activity during the night as mechanisms underlying ectoparasite resistance.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2025Article
- Degree-days and off-host longevity of cattle fever ticks, Boophilus spp. (Acari: Ixodidae) in south Texas pastures.Journal of economic entomology · 2024Article
- Egg hatching success is influenced by the time of thermal stress in four hard tick species.Journal of medical entomology · 2024Article
- Early Starvation Contributes to the Adaptive Capacity ofBiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Questing in ticks is essential for locating a host, and this behavioral response can occur at regionally specific low temperatures for most tick species. Little is known about the dynamics between tick questing behavior and temperature in ticks, specifically how this may impact other aspects of tick biology. Here, we examine whether cold hardening increases questing in three larval tick species (Ixodes uriae, Dermacentor variabilis, and Amblyomma americanum) at low temperatures and whether cold hardening impacts longevity. Rapid cold hardening and prolonged cold acclimation benefitted ticks by decreasing the temperature of chill coma onset, and increased survival, activity, and questing in ticks at low temperatures. Oxygen consumption increased at low temperatures following acclimation in larvae, suggesting this process has a distinct metabolic expense. This increased metabolism associated with hardening led to a substantial reduction in larval longevity as nutrient reserves are limited and cannot be replenished until a host is located. These studies suggest that tick larvae, and likely other developmental stages, require a delicate balance between the need for questing at low temperatures and survival until the first blood meal.
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Registered trials
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