Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33895065›Full record

ReviewTrends in cognitive sciences2021

Neural Coding of Cognitive Control: The Representational Similarity Analysis Approach.

Michael C Freund, Joset A Etzel, Todd S Braver

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in cognitive sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06276400 (Lateral Prefrontal Organization in Emotion), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06276400 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Lateral Prefrontal Organization in Emotion: Representational and Causal Mechanism - Duration Difference Estimation

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraRan2024 to 2028Enrolled50ConditionsHealthyArmsEmotion valence, Time, TMS Stimulation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Dynamic Neural Deactivation Bridges Direct and Competitive Inhibition Processes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Decoding Mindfulness With Multivariate Predictive Models.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. The Dimensionality of Neural Coding for Cognitive Control Is Gradually Transformed within the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Michael C FreundDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Joset A EtzelDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Todd S BraverDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: tbraver@wustl.edu.

Funding

Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive ControlR37MH066078 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BRAVER, TODD S · 2013 to 2022
$7.2M
NEURAL MECHANISMS OF MINDFULNESS: A DISCORDANT TWIN DESIGNR21AT009483 · NCCIH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BRAVER, TODD S · 2017 to 2018
$419k
NCCIH NIH HHS R21 AT009483NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH066078
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cognitive control relies on distributed and potentially high-dimensional frontoparietal task representations. Yet, the classical cognitive neuroscience approach in this domain has focused on aggregating and contrasting neural measures - either via univariate or multivariate methods - along highly abstracted, 1D factors (e.g., Stroop congruency). Here, we present representational similarity analysis (RSA) as a complementary approach that can powerfully inform representational components of cognitive control theories. We review several exemplary uses of RSA in this regard. We further show that most classical paradigms, given their factorial structure, can be optimized for RSA with minimal modification. Our aim is to illustrate how RSA can be incorporated into cognitive control investigations to shed new light on old questions.

Indexed as

Brain MappingNeurosciencesCognitionHumansMagnetic Resonance Imaginganterior cingulate cortex (ACC)executive functionmultivariate pattern analysis (MVPA)prefrontal cortex (PFC)representational similarity analysis (RSA)

Identifiers

PMID33895065
PMCPMC8279005

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.