Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33894459›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2021

Factors associated with methamphetamine withdrawal symptoms among people who inject drugs.

Johnathan Zhao, Alex H Kral, Kelsey A Simpson, Rachel Carmen Ceasar, Lynn D Wenger, Matt Kirkpatrick, Ricky N Bluthenthal

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Methamphetamine dependence in Australia-why is 'ice' (crystal meth) so addictive?Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Johnathan ZhaoKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States.
Alex H KralRTI International, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, Suite 800, Berkeley, CA, 94704, United States.
Kelsey A SimpsonDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States.
Rachel Carmen CeasarDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States.
Lynn D WengerRTI International, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, Suite 800, Berkeley, CA, 94704, United States.
Matt KirkpatrickDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States.
Ricky N BluthenthalDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States. Electronic address: rbluthen@usc.edu.
University of Southern California · USRTI International · US

Funding

UCLA Implementation Science and Substance Use Research and Education (ISSURE) ProgramR25DA035692 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI TIMOTHY W FONG, GAIL E. WYATT · 2013 to 2026
$3.9M
Preventing injection initiation: The Change The Cycle Randomized Controlled TrialR01DA038965 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BLUTHENTHAL, RICKY N, KRAL, ALEXANDER H · 2015 to 2018
$3.0M
Cannabis use and health outcomes among opioid-using people who inject drugs in the context of cannabis legalizationR01DA046049 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BLUTHENTHAL, RICKY N, CORSI, KAREN F · 2019 to 2022
$2.6M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA038965NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA046049NIDA NIH HHS R25 DA035692
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRegular methamphetamine (MA) use can result in withdrawal syndrome characterized by fatigue, agitation, depression, and anxiety. No studies that we are aware of have examined the prevalence and predictors of MA withdrawal symptoms among people who inject drugs (PWID).

methodsPWID were recruited using targeted sampling methods in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California from 2016 to 2017. Survey questions included demographics, drug use, and MA withdrawal symptoms, frequency, and symptom severity. Participants who reported regular MA use (> 12 times in the last 30 days) were included in this analysis (N = 595). Multivariable regression models were developed to examine factors associated with any MA withdrawal, withdrawal frequency, symptom severity, and receptive syringe sharing.

resultsMA withdrawal symptoms in the past 6 months were reported by 53 % of PWID, with 25 % reporting weekly withdrawal symptoms, and 20 % reporting very or extremely painful symptoms. In multivariable logistic regression, presence of any MA withdrawal symptoms was positively associated with more frequent MA use and non-injection tranquilizer use and inversely associated with crack cocaine use. Among those reporting any withdrawal, female sex was associated with more frequent withdrawal symptoms. Very or extremely painful withdrawal symptoms were associated with being in residential treatment. Receptive syringe sharing was associated with any MA withdrawal symptoms and weekly frequency of symptoms.

conclusionMA withdrawal symptoms are common among PWID and are associated with receptive syringe sharing. Strategies for implementing MA use treatment, safe supply programs, and syringe services programs targeting people who inject MA are indicated.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsMethamphetaminePharmaceutical PreparationsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeFemaleHumansNeedle SharingRisk-TakingMethamphetaminePharmaceutical PreparationsHCV infections/complicationsHIV infections/complicationsMethamphetamine/adverse effectsMethamphetamine dependence/epidemiologyRisk factorsSubstance withdrawal syndrome/ prevention & control

Identifiers

PMID33894459
PMCPMC12994592
OpenAlexW3155993059

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.